TIMBER GROWING IN" THE LODGEPOLE PINE REGION 31 
Wyoming has seriously damaged excellent stands of timber, but so 
far no methods of control have been worked out that are applicabje 
to forest conditions. 
Control work should ordinarily be undertaken before insect attacks 
reach the epidemic stage. In bark-beetle attacks, the infested trees 
should be cut in the spring or early summer before the emergence of 
the beetles. Either the bark should be peeled from the trunk of the 
tree and from the stump, or, if there is no danger of the fire escaping, 
the infested lengths can be decked and burned. For some species it 
is essential that the bark be burned; for others, the peeling of the 
bark is all that is required, with disposal of slash in the manner neces- 
sary for fire protection. If there is any question regarding controj 
measures for any tree insect, the advice of the Bureau of Entomology 
of the United States Department of Agriculture should be obtained. 
Cutting forked and leaning trees. — A tree should not be cut merely 
because of a fork or a slight lean. However, if the fork is so located 
as to prevent any appreciable increase in market value the tree should 
ordinarily be cut. Forks of certain types can be counted upon to 
split off in the course of time or to afford a point of entrance for 
disease. Knowledge of local timber wilj make possible the recogni- 
tion of these types and the removal of them. 
A leaning tree need not be cut unless it threatens to fall before the 
next cut or is likely to rub against or interfere with the development 
of a more valuable tree. It should, however, be taken if its lean 
amounts to distortion and precludes any further growth of value. 
MANAGEMENT PLANS 
The rejatively small portion of the timbered area of this region 
in private ownership — mostly small holdings — makes sustained yield, 
or a continuous cropping of timber, possible only on some of the 
larger blocks of private land and on a few smaller areas so accessible 
to markets that they can be managed intensively like farm wood lots. 
However, where such areas exist they should be handled in accordance 
with a definite pjan. Where the size and use of a block of timber 
warrants, this plan should include an inventory of the forest re- 
sources and a definite program of action providing for protection and 
for harvesting crops on a sustained yield basis. 
The economic advantage of stabilized production on all areas 
adapted to such management is generally recognized, and need not 
be mentioned here in detail. Stabilized and perpetual output means 
permanent industries with all of the benefits to be derived from 
them. It makes possible lighter cuts per acre, more frequent har- 
vests, closer utilization of material that would be wasted if cutting 
were less frequent, and in general much more intensive forest practice 
than would otherwise be possible. 
The large acreage of the national forests is being managed on this 
basis, management plans being perfected for the various units as fast 
as present or prospective demands for the timber warrant. Private 
timberland owners may obtain assistance in the preparation of plans 
adapted to their needs and conditions, and assistance in working out 
a detailed cutting practice for specific areas, through the respective 
State foresters and forestry departments, as well as from State and 
private forest schools, wherever these are established. 
