§ BULLETIN 1322, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
TABLE 4.—Arithmetice trends of factors ajfecting the economic position of 
owners, Chaffee farms, Cass County, N. Dak., 1896-1920 
Yearly change 
Amounts in middle and 
terminal years ! 
Change, | Direction Percentage of 
pee q 1896-1920 | of trend ordinates of 
Amount 
1896 1908 1920 1896 1920 
Costs per acre assumed by 
owners: Per cent Per cent| Per cent 
PLOW Inge Fea es ee SS $0.27 | $0. 23 $0. 19 29.6 | Down_-_-| $0. 003 iia 1. 58 
Seed_-_ Hoshi s 52 2S ess ssssed 55> - 35 1. 06 WA He 405.70 | SUipes 22s . 059 16. 85 ah as 
ABhreshin gee er Cis wimg Wea Ns © . 16 73} . 30 Sip IU pees - 006 Se 2. 00 
REpaltSacee Pi ee seine ty - 36 - 28 . 20 44.4 | Down__- . 007 1.94 3. 50 
Supervision and general ex- 
PIOTISCS HE MRS Re See SIG Le - 46 - 62 78 69.6 | Up___-_-- . 014 3. 04 1.79 
Real estate taxes per $100 worth 
ofrealiestate 2a LR Ae eis - 74 OD Hod 50.0 | Down_-.-|  .015 2. 03 4. 05 
Wheat price spreads: 
Amenia-Minneapolis— 
Per bushel S22 Rea . 092 - 105 - 118 Prey || Woes ss . O01 1.09 . 85 
Per $100 worth (Amenia)-| 16.10 | 11.24 6. 38 60.4 | Down__-| .405 2. 52 6. 35 
Amenia-Liverpool— 
Per bushelea as . 203 . 166 . 128 36.9 | Down.-- . 003 1. 48 2. 34 
Per $100 worth (Amenia)-_| 33.52 | 19.74 5. 96 82.2 | Down___| 1.148 3. 42 19. 26 
Increments (net): 
Unconverted, per acre_______- a ile 3. 46 6. 75 34870..6u epee . 274 | 161.18 4. 06 
Converted, per acre___---___- —1.74 LO AZ| a eee Ups NO 2 was eee 4.59 
Per $100 worth ofreal estate__| 4.47 6. 33 8.18 S30u Ui pee Bp bays) 3. 47 1. 89 
1 These are ordinates of trend. See footnote, page 11. 
TABLE 5.—Logarithnvic trends of factors affecting the economic position of own- 
ers, Chaffee farms, Cass County, N. Dak., 1896-1920 
Amounts in middle and 
rminal 1 
Factor 5 eth SUE Sas 3B arate peed 
1896-1920 tion change 
1896 1908 1920 
Yields per acre (wheat land only): Per cent Per cent 
iPhysicali@bushels) asso. see ieee aa 15. 50 11. 94 9. 19 40.7 | Down_-_- 2. 20 
AVIV GS: 2 MT a eae Ms ee ae $9. 63 $13. 06 $17. 70 San8F Dees ees 2250 
Prices: 
All commodities (index)__.___________- 50. 03 102. 52 210. 04 319287 UipDeaneee 6. 16 
Bushell of wihteal <2 2o So eee . 62 1.09 1. 92 PS Rybd\ Wyowes soe 4. 82 
Crop receipts per acre_____- ta ity Ne a eh 2. 69 4.16 6. 44 SONS | Uae eres 3. 70 
Costs per acre €5 items) --____.2_-_--_-_--- 1. 67 2.32 3. 24 94.07 \sUjpeaene 2.79 
Real estate taxes per acre__________________ eae Be . 43 Hero | Wiese es 5. 55 
Real estate valuation per acre_____________ 15. 64 42.16 113. 70 62a Up aee 8. 40 
Rate of interest per $100_________._.-_____- 7.18 6. 32 5. 57 22.4 | Down___ 1.07 
Primary net rents: 
WUnconvertedipenacre2= 22 s22 2s esses | 2.97 21.85 23.54 2) 964.9) |Uipese aes 6. 71 
Converted peracre i eee been | 23.93 24.75 2}. 783 ADS Sn | eese ilo7e? 
Per. $1 00meallestates ws wie aad 2 6.09 24.55 2 3.39 244.3 | Down__- 2. 69 
1 These are ordinates of trend. See footnote, page 11. 3 
2 To avoid negative rents the five-year moving average was substituted in place of the actual figures for 
rent, the terminal dates being 1898 and 1918 in this instance. 
Trends of two varieties are shown in Tables 4 and 5 and in 
Figures 1 and 2. Trends of the former variety—the arithmetic— 
are computed so that yearly changes are by constant amounts, as, 
for example, an increase of 10 cents a year, whereas trends of the 
latter variety—the logarithmic or geometric—are computed so 
that yearly changes are at constant rates, as, for example, a de- 
crease of 2 per cent a year. When ratio charting paper is used for 
plotting the geometric trends they appear as straight lines, but when 
natural-scale paper is used only the arithmetic trends appear as 
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