PROGRESS REPORT ON THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER 3 
Haworth (22, p. 380), 1811, described a species from England as 
Pyralis glabralis. This later Avas accepted as a doubtful synonym 
by Hampson (21, p. 435) and others, although the description is 
at variance with Hiibner's species. 
Treitschke (67, p. 81), 1829, and Duponchel (15, p. 121, CCXVII, 
If), 1831, adopted the name Pyralis silaeealis Hiibn., although recog- 
nizing that nubilalis of Hiibner was the male of silaeealis. Freyer 
(18, p. 98), 1831, Kcllar (34, p. 108), 1840, Herrich-Schaeffer (25, 
p. 30), 1849, and Snellen (59, p. W) as late as 1882, designated the 
species as silaeealis and referred it to the genus Botys erected by 
Latreille (38), 1805. 
Guenee (20, p. 331), 1854, accepted the species as being identical 
with Phalaena lupulina Clerck, illustrated in the Icones Insectorum 
of Clerck (11) in 1759. He therefore designated it as Botys lupuli- 
nalis. A study of Clerck's figure, however, convinced later workers 
that Clerck's lupulina was not identical with Hiibner's species. This 
interpretation by Guenee, nevertheless, led to the acceptance of the 
name lupulina' by several succeeding workers. Heinemann (23, pp. 
1, 2, 70), 1865, designated a species from Switzerland as Botys 
lupulina. This is now listed as a synonym of Hiibner's species. 
Butler (10, p. 19), 1889, referred to the species as Hapalia lupulina 
(non Clerck). 
Guenee (20, p. 332), 1854, described a species from the East Indies 
as Botys zeal is, which he regarded as being very close to his B. 
lupulinalis, asserting, "it may be simply a variation of our lupuli- 
nalis." This species is now listed as a synonym of Hiibner's species, 
although some authors are not convinced of its validity. 
Lederer (39, p. 372), 1863, retained the species of Botys and ac- 
cepted the figure of Hiibner's nubilalis as truly representing the 
species. This designation was accepted by Staudinger and Wocke 
(62, p. 209), 1871, Jourdheuille (32, p. 129), 1883, Robin and 
Laboulbene (52), 1884, and bv Leach (40, p. 32, IV, 4), 1886. 
Moore (48, p. 222, pi. VII, fig. 28), 1888, described a species from 
Kashmir, India, as Hapalia kasmirica. This is now listed by Hamp- 
son (21, p. 435) and others as a synonym of Hiibner's species. 
(Specimen in collection of Doctor Staudinger.) 
Meyrick (45, p. ^i6'), 1895, removed the species to the genus 
Pyrausta, erected by Schrank (55) in 1802, and retained nubilalis 
of Hiibner, an action which has since been followed by Hampson 
(21, p. 435), 1896, and by Staudinger and Eebel (61, p. 65), 1901. 
In 1905 Dyar (16, p. 955) described a species from Japan as 
Pyrausta polygoni (type a 2 ). The specimens were reared from 
Polygonum tinctoruni. Dyar differentiated his species from nubi- 
lalis on several characters, chief among which was the similar color- 
ing of males and females, which character would indeed exclude it 
as a synon} T m of nubilalis. According to Carl Heinrich, however, 
the male paratype is badly faded and rubbed, which may account 
for the lack of characteristic coloring. Its genitalia are identical 
with nubilalis and on that account Mr. Heinrich is of the opinion 
that polygoni, with some reservation, should be considered a syn- 
onym of nubilalis. 
Schultze (56, p. 35), 1908, described a male and female reared 
from corn at Manila, Philippine Islands, as Pyrausta vastatrix 
(type a $ ) . The very brief description of the male poorly applies 
