4 BULLETIN 1476, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
to nubilalis, but according to Mr. Heinrich, a female in the United 
States National Museum received from the Philippines as vastatrix 
agrees in oral and genitalic characters with typical nubilalis. Mr. 
Heinrich is of the opinion that vastatrix, with some reservation, 
should be considered a synonym of nubilalis. 
Reference to the species Pyrausta nubilalis Hubner may, therefore, 
be arranged as follows : 
Pyrausta nubilalis Hiibner (26, figs. 94, 116). 
Py rails silacealis Hiibner (26, figs. 94, 116). 
Pyralis glabralis Haworth (22, p. 380). 
Botys silacealis Freyer (IS, p. 96). 
Botys lupulinalis Guenee (20, p. 331). 
Botys zealis Guenee (20, p. 332). 
Botys nubilalis Lederer (39, p. 372). 
Botys lupulina Heinemann (23). 
Hapalia kasmirica Moore (48, p. 222, pi. VII, fig. 28). 
Hapalia lupulina Butler (10, p. 19). 
Pyrausta nubilalis Meyrick (4-5, p. 416)- 
Pyrausta polygon! Dyar (16, p. 955). 
Pyrausta vastatrix Scbultze (56, p. 35). 
DISTRIBUTION 
FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION 
Hubner (26, figs. 94, 116) in his original record of the species gave 
its habitat as " Europe, western Asia, the Himalayas, and Assam " 
(northern India). Foreign literature also refers, in general terms, 
to the range of Pyrausta nubilalis as central and southern Europe 
(45, P- 416), Asia Minor (61, p. 65), west-central and northern 
(Asia (45, p. 416), northwestern Himalayas (21, p. 4$6), northern 
India (61, p. 65), Siberia (61, p. 65), Japan (45, p. 416), the East 
Indies (20, p. 332), the Philippine Islands (56, p. 35), and Guam 
(8, p. 39-40). 
The published records and correspondence of various foreign 
writers mentioning more in detail the distribution of P. nubilalis 
in the Old World indicate that it is widely distributed in certain 
districts of the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Italy, Germany (Ba- 
varia), Austria (Vienna district), Hungary, Czechoslovakia (Bo- 
hemia), Yugoslavia (Slavonia and Carniola), Rumania (Transyl- 
vania and Wallachia), southern and southwestern Russia, including 
Trans-Caucasia, with apparently isolated areas of infestation in the 
irrigated regions near the city of Astrakan, and in Livonia (67, p. 81; 
20, p. 331). 
Meyrick (45, p. 416) mentioned the occurrence of the species in 
England (Middlesex, Isle of Wight, Lancashire) — " probably a 
casual immigrant only." 
The species has also been reported from Switzerland (23, p. 1, 2, 
70) and Portugal (44), and in 1920 the Bureau of Entomology 
received specimens of P. nubilalis larvae from Spain (Madrid). It 
has also been recorded from the Erivan district of Armenia (68) ; 
from the Province of Ferghana in Turkestan (69) ; from the 
Provinces of Kashmir (48, p. 122, pi. VII, fig. 28) ; from Sikkim, 
Manipur and the Khasi Hills (21, p. 436) in northern India; from 
Cairo, Egypt (19, p. 270) ; and from the Province of Amur in 
Siberia (61, p. 65). 
