Progress report on the European corn borer 9 
p. 270) reported it as damaging maize (Turkish wheat). During 
the summer of 1920 L. O. Howard, Chief of the Bureau of Ento- 
mology, made a general survey of the status of P. nubilalis in Italy 
and determined that the insect occurred throughout the entire Italian 
peninsula, but was not abundant. He found it principally in corn- 
fields. K. W. Babcock made examinations of cornfields in the vicin- 
ity of Milan during the middle of July, 1924, and found thus early 
in the season an average stalk infestation of 38.6 per cent in 23 fields, 
with an average of 104.2 borers per 100 stalks. At Bergamo Mr. 
Babcock found an average stalk infestation of 40.6 per cent, with 
an average of 138 borers per 100 stalks. One field of early planted 
corn at Bergamo showed a stalk infestation of 83 per cent and an ear 
infestation of 14 per cent. In the fields around Florence the in- 
festation was found to be very light. From notes contributed by 
W. R. Thompson and H. L. Parker, regarding the infestation in the 
cornfields of northern Italy during late June and early July, 1924, 
it is stated that in 5 fields near Turin the stalk infestation ranged 
from 20 to 49 per cent, in 4 fields at Novara the stalk infestation 
ranged from less than 1 to 82 per cent, and in 23 fields of the Ber- 
gamo region from 25 to 62 per cent of the stalks were infested. In 
the cornfields of the Pavia region an average of about 15 per cent of 
the stalks were infested, and in the region of Vicenza the infestation 
was very light. Doctor Thompson also reports that during some 
years the corn borer is said to be rather injurious to hemp in the 
region of Bologna. 
In Bavaria P. nubilalis was recorded during 1880 as occurring in 
hops and hemp, but the injury was of no practical importance. 
Schonfeld, however, reports very severe injury to hops in Bavaria 
during 1886. 
According to Schonfeld the hop fields of Bohemia were seriously 
injured by P. nubilalis during 1879 and 1880. Buzek, a schoolmaster 
of Rakonic, recorded that the entire hop yield was destroyed in some 
of the fields of the Rakonic district during 1879. 
In Belgium P. nubilalis is reported by De Crombrugghe de 
Picquendael (13) as being abundant in the vicinity of Brussels, but 
no mention is made of injury to economic plants. 
Briggs (8, p. 39-1^0) reported from the island of Guam that in 
1919 fully 50 per cent of the corn crop was damaged in certain por- 
tions of the island. He also mentioned that grain sorghums and rice 
were attacked by the insect, and that 100 larvae were found in a 
single stalk of kafir corn. 
DISTRIBUTION IN THE UNITED STATES 
At the close of 1924 the European corn borer was known to be 
present in three large and two small separate areas of the United 
States (see map, fig. 1), comprising a total of 24,773 square miles. 
These figures relate to townships where the corn borer has actually 
been found and do not include certain townships which have been in- 
cluded in the quarantined area. The three large areas mentioned 
above are located (1) in eastern New England, (2) eastern New 
York and southwestern Vermont, and (3) in a narrow strip along 
the American shore of Lake Erie, comprising portions of the States of 
New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Michigan. The two small areas 
