PROGRESS REPORT ON THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER 127 
ton, Mass. This bag was recovered on March 7, and of a total of 166 
larvae that these stalks contained 81 were found to be alive, 73 dead, 
and 12 were injured in examination of the stalks. The live larvae 
were kept in a cage for observation of future development and 67 
pupated, from which 33 moths emerged, 13 being females, all of 
which deposited eggs. There seems no question, therefore, but that 
larvae contained in cornstalks carried into a body of water and 
thrown on land again within a reasonable period of time may survive 
in numbers sufficient to cause an infestation of the insect in the new 
locality. 
THE WATER CURRENTS OF LAKE ERIE 
In Figure 50 the direction of the water currents of Lake Erie are 
shown, together with the Canadian infestation found in 1920, the 
infestation in New York and Pennsylvania found in 1919, and the 
infestation on the United States side of this lake in 1921. It may 
be seen that drift carried into the lake on the Canadian side may 
first be carried somewhat toward the west until it meets counter- 
currents, when it may travel around and between the group of islands 
located off Sandusky, Ohio, and finally, meeting the main current of 
the lake, may be deposited at almost any point on the southern shore 
of the lake. The infestation found in 1921 very closely coincides 
with this movement of the water of the lake. There is the further 
possibility that infested stalks were carried into Lake Huron from 
the western watershed in Ontario and thence to the Michigan shore, 
or eventually to Lake Erie and thence cast on shore. 
If the large infestation discovered in south-central Ontario in 
1920 is accepted as the source of all the spread of this insect in 
the lake region of America, and if water drift of infested cornstalks 
from this Canadian area played an important part in this dispersion 
of the insect, the heaviest infestation resulting from such dispersion 
might be expected at the points where the greatest number of stalks 
would be likely to be thrown on shore. The water currents of Lake 
Erie show that such a point would be the shore line of the lake be- 
tween Buffalo and Dunkirk, N. Y. (fig. 50), and it is an exceedingly 
interesting, not to say curious, coincidence that this is in fact the 
point on the southern shore of the lake that was originally found 
to be most severely infested. 
Although considerable scouting has been done along the southern 
shore of Lake Erie, no cornstalks have been found that might have 
been thrown on shore by the waters of the lake except those traceable 
to American origin. Although the inability to find such material in 
the localities and on the dates when such work was done may be 
advanced as proof of the flight theory of dispersion, a careful 
examination of the entire southern shore line of hundreds of miles 
is a difficult project in which bits of cornstalks may be easily over- 
looked. Furthermore, great numbers of cornstalks may be cast on 
the southern shore of Lake Erie only during certain years when 
particularly favorable conditions occur, in which case extensive un- 
successful scouting along the shore during certain years when such 
favorable conditions for much water drift did not obtain, would 
not prove that during a previous year, more favorable to this phe- 
nomenon, such conditions did not exist. In other words, extensive 
