8 BULLETIN 1210, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
in growing bnlbs. On Puget Sound in the year when the bulbs are 
not dug they are gone over occasionally during the summer with a 
wheel hoe to keep them free from weeds. In more southern climates 
it is a good plan to sow cowpeas, soybeans, or velvetbeans. as the crop 
is laid by in the year it is not dug. This can be cut off in the fall ; 
or. better, it can be rolled clown, chopped up slightly, and left as a 
mulch. If it is heavy it may assist in keeping weeds down the next 
year. In the handling of this cover crop one must be governed by 
the weed situation. 
SECOND YEAR OF THE BIENNIAL CROP 
The handling of the crop the second year does not differ essentially 
from the first. The most important thing is to keep weeds down 
thoroughly as long as the weather is warm enough in early winter 
to let seed germinate. Then in the spring the wheel hoe is used 
in the paths, the few weeds which have escaped are removed, and 
roguing is attended to again. 
ROGUING 
Inadvertent mixtures are prone to take place in bulb culture. For 
this reason, if for no other, two crops of these bulbs should not suc- 
ceed each other, for there is no surer way of mixing stocks. During 
the time the plants are in blossom these stray individuals can most 
easily be detected and removed by the use of a special spud which 
has a long stout blade, 2 to 2-| inches wide, set in a strong handle. 
Several examinations of the plantings are necessary during the 
season, going over them bed by bed to detect plants which are grow- 
ing in other than their proper places. In removing the plants the 
spud blade is driven down close to the bulb, then by prying on the 
handle the roots are broken off, and the whole plant may be pulled 
up easily. 
This process of roguing is a very important one, not only in 
daffodil culture but in the culture of all bulbs, for if the grower 
neglects this aspect of the work his stocks will soon be in such 
condition that they can be sold only as cheap mixtures. 
DISPOSITION OF THE ROGUES 
Whenever the rogues are identifiable and of desirable varieties 
they can be segregated and heeled in at the ends of the beds in which 
they belong. When dug they can be included with the planting 
stock. They will make first-class bulbs after another year's growth. 
.More often, though, the rogues are heeled in together* in some place 
out of (he way where they can be disposed of when dug as the cheap- 
en of mixtures. 
DIGGING 
The digging of daffodils does not differ materially from the 
digging of any other bulbs. When the tops die they are commonly 
hoed oil'. The digger starts in at the end of the bed with a short- 
handled spade ;ind takes out low after row in succession along the 
bed. In heavy soils like the Whatcom silt, upon which the work 
