PLAXTS — IXSECTTCIDAL PROPERTIES. 9 
turtium aphids sprayed with nicotine resinate were killed, while the 
same mixture applied to apple trees was efficient against Aphis poml 
The results obtained with nicotine sulphate are given in Tables 4 to 6. 
CASTOR-BEAN. 
The juice from the leaves and green pods of a castor-bean plant 
(Ricinus communis) had only a slight effect on bees. The powdered 
beans and husks, free of oil, killed all the bees tested; but some of 
this powder, after having been extracted with a 10 per cent solution 
of sodium chlorid, apparently did not kill any of the bees tested. 
Several attempts at feeding dough mixed with the powdered beans 
to roaches failed. The powder had no effect on webworms, but had 
a slight effect on silkworms, flies, and grasshoppers. 
An alcoholic extract of castor-beans, when reasonably strong and 
used with soap (No. 511, Table 4), was inefficient against three 
species of aphids (Aphis spp. A and Z>, and Macrosiphum sp. A), 
but when fed to silkworms without the addition of soap it had no 
effect on these larvae. A benzene extract (No. 520) , when exceedingly 
strong and used with soap, was efficient against Macrosiphum sp. A, 
but the control mixture seemed to have killed half the number. 
SABADILLA. 
Using sabadilla seed (Schoenocaulon officinale), the following 
results were obtained: The powders (Nos. 56 and 121, oil extracted), 
used as dusts, were efficient against grasshoppers, roaches, bees 
(Table 1), silkworms, and webworms, but they had practically no 
effect on five species of aphids (Aphis rumicis, A. brassicae, A. spp. 
A and B, and M acrosiphonella sanbomi) ; the powder (Xo. 113, 
oil not extracted), used also as a dust, was efficient against silkworms 
(Table 1), but had practically no effect on the third, fourth (Table 
2). and fifth species of the above aphids. 
The powders (Nos. 56 and 113) of sabadilla seed, used as fumi- 
gants. had only a slight effect on silkworms and webworms, but were 
efficient against Macrosiphum sp. C and Myzus persicae (Table 3) 
and against the one lady-beetle tested. 
The powder (Xo. 56a) of sabadilla seed, used as a decoction, had 
no effect on Aphis spp. A and B (Table 3). A soda extract, used aii 
a spray material, had no effect on nasturtium and cabbage aphids, 
but was efficient against grasshoppers, bees, and small webworms 
Hot and cold water extracts, used as spray materials, had no effect 
on nasturtium and cabbage aphids, but were efficient against grass- 
hoppers, bees, and silkworms. An oil. extracted by petroleum ethei 
and used as a spray material, suspended in water, was efficient 
against grasshoppers. Oxalic acid extracts were efficient against 
silkworms, while oxalic acid, used as a control, had no effect on them, 
A distillate also had no effect on silkworms. The alcoholic and 
benzene extracts (Xos. 510 and 519), used with soap (Table 4). were 
inefficient against three species of aphids (Aphis spp. A and B and 
Macrosiphum sp. A). The alcoholic extract was efficient but very 
slow against silkworms. 
HELLEBORE. 
The commercial powder of white false-hellebore (Veratrum album)) 
used as a dust, was efficient but slow against roaches and silkworms, 
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