NORWAY PINE IN THE LAKE STATES. 
37 
the ground. Trees of the same diameter and height may vary in 
form and volume considerably. Those trees which most closely ap- 
proach cylindrical form contain the greatest volume and have the 
largest form factors. Old trees, with short crowns and long clear 
boles, which have grown in dense stands, have the fullest form, while 
young, rapidly growing, open-grown trees with short boles and long 
crowns will have the least volume for their diameter and height. 
Yet saplings grown in crowded stands may have a very high form 
factor, as may be seen in Table 23, which gives the factors for Norway 
pine of different heights and diameters and an average form factor for 
all heights on the basis of diameter; 306 trees were measured for this 
table. 
Tabi.k 23. 
■Form factors of Norway pine, on basis of volume in cubic feet, based on 
diameter and total height in feet. 
' 
Total height of tree (feet). 
Diameter 
breast- 
high 
(inches). 
40 
50 
1 
60 70 
80 90 
1 
100 
All 
heights. 
Form factor. 
5 
0.567 
.553 
.541 
.529 
.519 
.510 
.502 
.495 
.489 
0.576 
.562 
.549 
.538 
.527 
.519 
.511 
.505 
.499 
.495 
.491 
0.584 
.569 
.556 
,544 
.534 
.527 
.520 
.514 
.509 
.505 
.502 
.499 
0. 542 
6 
0.576 
.561 
.549 
.539 
.532 
.526 
.521 
.517 
.513 
.510 
.507 
.505 
.503 
.501 
.540 
7 
.538 
8 
0.557 
.547 
.540 
.534 
.530 
.526 
.523 
.521 
.517 
.514 
.512 
.509 
.507 
.504 
.502 
.536 
9 
0. 555 
.548 
.542 
.538 
.535 
.532 
.529 
.526 
.523 
.520 
.518 
.515 
. 513 
.511 
.534 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
0.553 
.549 
.546 
.543 
.540 
.537 
.534 
.531 
.529 
.527 
.524 
.522 
.520 
.533 
.531 
.530 
.529 
.528 
15 
.527 
16 
.526 
17 
.525 
18 
1 
.524 
19 
! 
.523 
20 
21 
22 
.522 
.522 

.521 
Converting factors by which cubic volumes may be expressed in 
equivalent board-feet contents, are shown in Table 24 for trees from 
8 to 20 inches and 80 feet high. This was obtained by dividing the 
values in Table 21. 
Table 24. — Board feet — cubic-foot converting factors for Norway pine trees 80 feet in 
height on basis of diameter. 
Diameter 
Diameter 
breast- 
Convert- 
breast- 
Convert- 
high 
ing factor. 
high 
ing factor. 
(inches). 
(inches). 
8 
3.3 
15 
5.0 
9 
3.7 
16 
5.0 
10 
4.1 
17 
5.1 
11 
4.4 
18 
5.2 
12 
4.5 
19 
5.3 
13 
4.7 
20 
5.4 
14 
4.9 
