34 
BULLETIN 139, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
APPENDIX. 
VOLUME TABLES. 
The tables which follow are based on volume analyses taken in 
Minnesota and Wisconsin, chiefly under the supervision of E. S. 
Bruce, expert lumberman. The board-foot volumes were calculated 
by the Scribner Rule, decimal C. In these tables no allowance has 
been made for defect, which must be estimated in the forest. The top 
cutting limit used was 6 inches inside bark. 
Table 18 gives the volume in board feet for trees of all diameters, 
and for 16-foot logs and half lengths or 8 foot differences in merchant- 
able height. The extremely large number of trees upon which the 
table is based (4,282 trees) makes its contents very reliable. The 
average stump height of the trees analyzed was 2 feet; the top diam- 
eter inside bark 6 inches. Usually 0.3 of a foot was allowed for 
trimming. 
Table 18. — Volume of red vine in board feet on basis of diameter, merchantable length in 
16-foot logs. 
Diameter 
breast- 
high 
(inches). 
Number of 16-foot logs. 
1 
li 
2 
2§ 
3 
3§ 
4 
H 
5 
&h 
6 
Gh 
7 
Volume (board feet). 
8 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
30 
34 
41 
42 
52 
56 
63 
71 
78 
40 
48 
57 
62 
74 
83 
96 
110 
120 
130 
140 
53 
"63 
73 
83 
96 
110 
120 
140 
150 
170 
190 
200 
220 
9 
77 
89 
100 
120 
130 
150 
170 
190 
210 
230 
260 
290 
310 
340 
380 
420 
10 
100 
120 
140 
160 
180 
200 
230 
250 
280 
320 
350 
390 
430 
480 
530 
600 
660 
720 
790 
11 
140 
160 
180 
210 
230 
260 
300 
330 
380 
420 
470 
520 
570 
630 
700 
760 
830 
900 
960 
1,030 
1,100 
12 
190 
210 
240 
270 
300 
340 
380 
430 
490 
540 
600 
660 
730 
790 
860 
940 
1,010 
1,080 
1,160 
1,240 
1,330 
1,420 
1,520 
13 
240 
270 
300 
340 
390 
440 
490 
550 
610 
680 
740 
820 
890 
960 
1,040 
1,120 
1,200 
1,300 
1,390 
1,490 
1,590 
1,710 
14 
15 
340 
380 
430 
490 
550 
620 
680 
750 
820 
900 
980 
1,060 
1,140 
1,230 
1,330 
1,430 
1,530 
1,650 
1,770 
1,900 
16 
17 
480 
550 
620 
680 
750 
820 
890 
970 
1,060 
1,140 
1,240 
1,350 
1,450 
1,570 
1,690 
1,820 
1,950 
2,090 
18 
19 
680 
750 
820 
890 
960 
1,040 
1,130 
1,230 
1,330 
1,450 
1,580 
1,710 
1,840 
1,980 
2,130 
2,280 
20 
820 
21 
880 
22 
950 
23 
1,030 
24 
1,110 
25 
1,200 
26 
1,310 
27 
1,430 
28 
1,560 
29 
1,700 
30 
1,850 
31 
2,000 
32 
2,140 
33 
2,300 
34 
2,480 
The use of total heights instead of merchantable height is possible 
with a species as regular in form and as free from heavy top branches 
as is the Norway pine. Where this is done, the error arising from 
failure to employ the top diameters used in timber estimating, can 
not affect the results beyond the amount of the difference in the 
used volume or waste in the tops. Total height is a more accurate 
basis for estimating volumes than arbitrary merchantable heights 
