NORWAY PINE IN THE LAKE STATES. 15 
shipping boxes, and less frequently for shingles and water pipes. 
The better grades are used for farm implements, planing-mill prod- 
ucts, furniture, car construction, panels, screens, doors and sash, and 
when treated with preservatives for poles, posts, and ties. The 
Chicago & North Western Railway is authority for the statement that 
Norway pine piling, where below the water and moisture line, gives 
excellent service, since the wood does not splinter badly under ordi- 
nary driving. During 1911 and 1912 over 20,000 pieces of piling, 
from 40 to 64 feet long, were sold on the Minnesota Forest at from 
SI 6 to $20 on the stump. When used for bridge piling above ground 
the sapwood rots quickly unless treated. Norway pine paving 
blocks, impregnated with 16 pounds of oil per cubic foot have given 
excellent results in Minneapolis. 1 While experiments with the pav- 
ing blocks are still in progress, it has already been established that 
Norway pine, though slightly inferior to longleaf pine, is fully equal 
to western larch and white birch as a paving material. There is no 
positive record of the wood's value for pulp. The stumps yield 
turpentine, and are a satisfactory raw material for distillation. 
Other parts of the tree are not considered sufficiently resinous for 
the purpose. 2 A company in Michigan reports a yield of 8 gallons of 
turpentine and 270 pounds grade F rosin per cord of 4,000 pounds 
of stump wood. In Wisconsin about 61 per cent of the local output 
and importations of Norway pine are used for boxes and 23 per cent 
for sash, doors, blinds, and interior and exterior finish. In Michigan 
about 42 per cent goes into planing-mill supplies, and 24 per cent 
into boxes and crates. In Minnesota the most important uses of 
Norway pine are for gates and fencing, and for paving. 
GROWTH AND YIELD. 
HEIGHT GROWTH. 
Norway pine makes an average height growth of 1 foot per year 
until it reaches an age between 60 and 70 years. From that time on 
the height growth gradually falls off, until at the age of from 100 to 
110 years it practically ceases. The crown of the tree then assumes 
a broad flat shape. 
When planted together with white pine, the height growth of Nor- 
way exceeds that of the former for the first few years by from 3 to 5 
feet. This initial advantage soon disappears, however, since the 
white pine maintains its height growth to a greater age. Jack pine 
grows much faster than either Norway or white pine for the first two 
decades, a characteristic which in many instances enables it to over- 
1 For more detailed information, see Forest Service Circular 194, "Progress Report on Wood Paving 
Experiments in Minneapolis," also Municipal Engineering, Vol. XXXIV, p. 14. 
2 For further information see Forest Service Circular 114, "Wood Distillation." 
