14 BULLETIN 139, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
good " second growth" are exceptional. Stumpage on the National 
Forests in Michigan is sold for as much as $12 per thousand, and will 
undoubtedly go still higher. 
The better grades of Norway pine, when sold as such, bring less in 
the open market than do similar grades of white pine, but below the 
No. 1 grade in dimension or No. 2 in inch lumber the two species 
bring the same. Norway pine is seldom, if ever, quoted separately 
in lumber price lists. Even in high grades it is often sold indis- 
criminately with white pine, and so brings the same price. As a 
general rule, therefore, the prices quoted for white pine can be taken 
as those for Norway as well. Average mill-run prices for white pine 
in Minnesota and Wisconsin during the last quarter of 1913 were as 
follows : 
Selects and better $56. 00 
Shop, No. 1, 8/4 48. 49 
Shop, No. 3, 5/4 22. 87 
Bevel side 24. 42 
Timber, No. 1, 2 inches by 4 inches by 16 feet 20. 33 
Boards: 
No. 2 . . 22. 83 
No. 3 21.00 
No. 4 16. 66 
Fencing, No. 2 25. 36 
MARKETS. 
With the decrease in the supply of white pine lumber, Norway 
pine is certain to come more and more into demand. A glance at the 
list of uses given below for which Norway pine is adapted shows its 
commercial possibilities. In the investigation of the Wisconsin 
wood-using industries the Forest Service found that approximately 
7,500,000 feet of Norway pine, valued at $124,000, was annually used 
in that State alone, of which 84 per cent was logged within the State. 
A similar study in Minnesota showed an annual consumption in that 
State of over two and one-half million dollars worth of Norway pine, 
costing on the average $15.74 per thousand board feet. 
USES. 
Norway pine is adapted for most of the uses to which white pine 
is put. It was first cut in Maine and Canada for shipbuilding mate- 
rial, such as decking, planking, spars, and masts. 1 It is used locally 
for bridges, though it is distinctly inferior to longleaf pine and Doug- 
las fir for the purpose. Perhaps it is in widest demand for dimension 
stuff and for ordinary house construction. The lower grades and 
smaller sizes are consumed largely by the box trade for crates and 
1 For further details regarding early uses of Norway pine, see Forest Service Bulletin 99, "Uses of Com- 
mercial Woods in the United States: Pines/' by Hu Maxwell and William L. Hall. 
