54 BULLETIN 300, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
TABLE 23.—Iriction head per 100 feet and velocity of flow of water in clean iron 
pipe. 
Gal- Inside diameter of pipe in inches. 
lons 
per 
meee he TN 4s 5 leh W882 | ls | G12" | aa lath yale op ae pomlenoe 
| {Priction, head; feet.) 1359s AsGi |e WAG ice Fee a ee re | en 
450 | cy feet Per oh. A Pods Oe Wei oe eran ote aN he | ace 
second 
Friction head, feeti|22-.5 1 S635 Ve 3 se era eral eset [ieee nes Mies ORI oes oe el oe 
750 |, Velocity, feet Pers seco UP a3 a co re ea bees Seer n] hate cior = ne See | Ee 
second. 
Friction head, feet.|......|...... G03 252 ORT, | Ses SONS ee Cee eee a | Sel eae 
1,000 petocity feehaper |as--5s ears Dh Ss | HOLE | 24 O al 5 chara eS otf ee eee | ee go |e ra | ete ee 
second 
Friction head, LEC Gal Sea Generale ae Oi GQ he 2e8. 2 ROAM Bein x2 Fur eN a eae Sees | eee 
1,800 | {Velocity feet DELI sects eana|seoaee a seh ees: ay Fa alo oe ico cen Fm ge te DE A ek 
second 
Friction head, NEO tS eeks S| Sete ssl sees 1939 =-| 439 SES HOSS 4] > e2te | nee 2 | eee | peer | eraeeenes 
2,500 Welocitys fee tmpers| (See d|bsc sales ES. OOS 2 ate 09a bee il 22 oe ee 
second 
Friction head, feta ae see ee saa Soe lece ee SRE ae N25 5 Ug ts 2 is ae Ve IE Pe 5 be Sl Ee 
3,000 Velocity, feet POR a aea eee Sales ye eee 12225 Ose MO roe ite = 2] 5,5)5 6 oe ee ee 
second 
{Veloatt head, feet. [a0 al bees leo ees ASO Sn C2S10 14 50]. SSS eee | eee | pee 
4,000 {Velocity feet WOR asss5|SSesoslesiccodlaossen|scsoae IRIEL Sol fis i eg ye Peete hee | eee ae 
second 
{Friction head, feet=|2 54334 Seeds tessa oseos eae [Sees BS a2 9: * i SAAS S| see ae eae | eee 
6, 000 Velogity, feet 1015) gal See SAA eee ease Slee see HS onal seeace PSSA TONS |. 852 — || pSaeee lee eee | ae 
second 
Friction head, feet..|y oR ele 5. Sees ase eee S| eae eee AeA +) 2S A SOs eceee aleen see 
500 |4 Velocity, feet PEE. ESS safes 5 | See teaeel le Eee oa es re eee 13.5 [10.3 8.26) Fares eeeeee 
second. 
Erictionth ead feet: |e ais wee se | ae yoo epee | eer |p = eee 33075 | e252 neler ou sees 
10, 000 Welocuye feet 1912) te eS eo See ena ese (Sean eS A Seok ane 1350-9) ORS S98 OF es eae ser 
second 
Friction head, TOG GS | sake S| eee [epee liye esse Al see eae | eeeee fete | cane ne | St 32068 1eSiafela25 
12,500 Veloce, feet 101) SN tines See en Sarees aaorc ac oecn SeoBealseoesalloccoosleecaun 13.0 {10.5 9.0 
second 
Friction head, HED) ee |e ee ee ere [fete rl | emer ict ge ae S11 OS | a 4.25 | 2°64 | 1.79 
14,000 |Veloetts, feet | Of 2) el eee (AO ees Pe Reel a Se aR Ee Pn eee allo Set lus 15.4 |12.6 | 10.79 
second 
Rrictionshead sfeets|s_ 2 ats gg seo F | Gaede whee Ss = | weary se 2 bet e Sel tee ee ee w ee | ee ee 348) 4} 2.6 
17, 000 {Velocit, feet 1 05) Oar eee (he ne ene les Bag reese = | mee eaeges| este se |e 2 Re | ieee ee ee 15.3) | Sak 
second 
The loss of head due to an elbow in a 12-inch pipe line may be esti- 
mated at 2 feet. The entrance loss is usually considered equivalent 
to 2 or 38 feet of head. The minimum velocity that will transport 
sand in a 12-inch pipe has been found by experience to be approxi- 
mately 8 feet per second. Table 23 shows that for clear water the 
friction loss per 100 feet of 12-inch and 14-inch pipe is 4.65 feet and 
2.10 feet, respectively, and that the velocity of flow is 11.5 and 8.9 
feet per second, respectively. As the velocity in the 14-inch pipe is 
sufficient to transport the 10 per cent mixture to be pumped, this size 
of pipe should be used, because there is less friction than with the 
12-inch pipe. 
The 2,000 feet of discharge pipe would therefore develop a friction 
head of 20 by 2.10 feet, or 42 feet, with clear water; with a 10 per cent 
sand mixture this head should be increased at ies 50 per cent, or to 
63 feet. 
ge el a wrens nal 
Lave 
