AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION IN DENMARK. 63 
interest among their members for the use of controlled seeds, and 
assist the growers' association in controlling the seed growers within 
their respective territories; and the B members, the individual seed 
growers. The general meeting is composed of delegates. The B 
members elect, in districts, one delegate for each 20 seed growers; 
while the A members are allowed one delegate for each 1,500 mem- 
bers in the agricultural societies. The A members have voting priv- 
ileges only in matters pertaining to changes in the constitution 
and by-laws and agreements relating to control work and the seed 
sales department. The general assembly elects a board of directors 
of 15 members, proportionally distributed in the different provinces. 
Each seed grower assumes a personal guarantee toward the associa- 
tion for the amount of 40 kroner ($10.72 at par) per acre, in his 
contract for seed growing. Five per cent of the purchase price is 
retained in the association's operating capital fund. A 5 per cent 
interest rate is paid the grower on his share of this fund, and after 
two years (usually 5 to 10 years) it is paid off. After writing off 
depreciation on property and equipment, 2 per cent of the purchase 
price is placed in the reserve fund until the reserve is equivalent to 
10 per cent of the annual value of seeds produced. The volume of 
business handled by the association was 6,100,000 Danish kroner 
($1,276,730 at exchange) in 1922. 
The growers' association does not engage in seed production, ex- 
cept that it undertakes on its three experimental farms the produc- 
tion of new strains and the cultivation of stock seed from improved 
selected strains. Experimental work, in the way of comparative 
tests, is also carried on in cooperation with the State experimental 
stations and stock seed is produced on the farms of some of the best 
seed growers. The actual production of commercial seed for the 
trade is produced by the 3,000 seed growers (farmers) in the associa- 
tion. Only a member of an agricultural society, who is recom- 
mended by the county agricultural society's committee on plant cul- 
ture, may be admitted to the association as a seed grower. When a 
farmer has been properly recommended, he must then enter into a 
contract agreement with the association to grow seeds, according to 
their directions 'and supervision. Each member is supplied with 
selected stock seed and properly instructed to guard against cross- 
fertilization. All fields grown by members under control are care- 
fully supervised and inspected during the growing period by a 
staff of seed inspectors and specialists employed by the growers' 
association. 
The control of the scientific work and the growing and sale of the 
seed in both institutions (the Danish Farmers' Cooperative Associa- 
tion for Seed Growing and the Cooperative Wholesale Society — 
seed department) is managed entirely by a committee composed of 
three members who are leading plant-breeding and seed specialists. 
This control committee is appointed by a board which is elected by 
the agricultural societies on the basis of one member to each 10,000 
members in the agricultural societies. With regard to roots, grasses, 
clovers, and garden seeds, its supervision and control activities 
include: (1) Decision as to what kinds, strains, and families shall 
be cultivated; (2) oversight of cultivation of both original strains 
and those for use; (3) determination of place of cultivation and 
quality of seed imported; and (4) seeing that all seed sent out is 
