AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION IN DENMARK. 
75 
superior sires has been highly encouraging and stimulating to the 
best breeders in the Kingdom. 
Table 11. — Number of livestock in Denmark, 1881-1922? 
LOOO omitted.] 
Year. 
Horses. 
Cattle. 
Hogs. 
Sheep. 
1, 549 
1,247 
1,074 
877 1 
727 
Tear. 
Horses. 
Cattle. 
Hogs. 
Sheep. 
1881 
347 
411 
449 
487 
535 
1,470 
1,696 
1,745 
1,840 
2,254 
527 
829 
1,168 
1.457 
1.468 
1914... 
567 
544 
598 
576 
2.463 
2,123 
2,591 
2,525 
2,497 
620 
1.430 
1,899 
515 
1893 
1918 
470 
1898 
1921 
522 
1903 
19222 
442 
1909 
1 Source: Danmarks Statistiske Departement, Copenhagen. 
3 Figures for 1921-22 include the Slesvig Province. 
With respect to encouragement and even financial aid from the 
Federal Government the cooperative breeding associations and the 
cow-testing associations differ from other branches of Danish co- 
operation. In fact the cooperative breeding association is the only 
cooperative undertaking in the history of Danish cooperation which 
the Government has supported with financial aid. The Govern- 
ment was evidently quick to recognize the great national economy 
to be gained from improved livestock. The first breeding associa- 
tions were formed during the middle of the eighties, but the real 
stimulus to the movement was the Danish law relating to livestock 
enacted in 1887, which provided funds for aiding breeding associa- 
tions for cattle and horses when organized along cooperative lines. 
The appropriations were increased by legislative enactments in 1893 
and 1902 and were modified to include swine and sheep. This 
Government aid increased steadily until 1912, when it was felt that 
the work should support itself. In fact, the underlying aim of Fed- 
eral support from the beginning was education and promotion. 
Legislative changes in 1912 eliminated the grants for swine and 
sheep and greatly reduced funds available for cattle and horse breed- 
ing associations. 
The development of breeding associations throughout the country 
is well illustrated in Table 12. According to the official survey 52 
covering the whole country, made in 1909, the percentage of the 
farms with horses, which were members of a breeding association, 
was 14.5; with cattle, 16.5: with swine, 3.8; and with sheep, 1. 
Table 12. — Cooperative livestock improvement associations, 1890-1922. 1 
Year. 
Horse 
breeding. 
Bull. - 
Swine | Sheep 
breeding, j breeding. 
Cow 
testing. 
1890 
38 
203 
233 
270 
259 
340 
370 
135 
634 
1,095 
1,260 
911 
1,116 
1,274 
( 2 ) 
66 
163 
253 
1900 
180 
1905... . . ... -. - 
67 
110 
415 
1910 --- 
520 
1914 .- - 
633 
1919 
63 . 
1922 
• 
821 
1 
i Sources: Danmarks Statistiske Departement and the yearly publications Landokonomiske Aarbog. 
These figures include only associations officially registered with the ministry of agriculture for Federal aid. 
- No figures available. 
52 Statistiske Meddelelser 4 Rakke, 36 Bind. 4 Hafte. 1911. 
