AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION IN DENMARK. 
37 
indicated by Table 6, approximately 85 per cent of all hogs slaugh- 
tered are now slaughtered in the 46 cooperative plants. 
Table 6. — Hogs slaughtered in Danish ~bacon factories} 
Hogs 
slaughtered. 
Cooperative bacon factories. 
Year. 
Plants. 
Hogs 
slaughtered. 
Total 
slaughter- 
ings. 
1888 
Number. 
( 2 ) 
( 2 ) 
( 2 ) 
( 2 ) 
( 2 ) 
( 2 ) 
( 2 ) 
2,423,564 
2, 858, 294 
2, 593, 549 
2, 542, 353 
2, 479, 431 
324, 263 
456, 385 
930, 260 
1, 641, 194 
2, 215, 423 
Number. 
1 
10 
17 
26 
32 
31 
35 
41 
45 
46 
46 
46 
46 
46 
46 
46 
46 
Number. 
23, 400 
147, 500 
528, 800 
675, 200 
1, 031, 000 
1, 307, 120 
1, 407, 685 
1, 922, 828 
2, 434, 615 
2, 169, 559 
2, 213, 765 
2, 155, 542 
281, 217 
407, 254 
771, 841 
1, 402, 728 
1,853,994 
Per cent. 
( 2 ) 
( 2 ) 
(2) 
1890 
1895 
1900 
(2) 
1905.. 
( 2 ) 
( 2 ) 
( 2 ) 
79.3 
85 2 
1907 
1910 
1912 
1914 
1915 
83.6 
1916 
87.1 
1917 . 
86.9 
1918 
1919 
86.7 
89 2 
1920 
1921 
1922 
83.0 
85.5 
83.7 
i Sources: Det Statistiske Departement and the central offices of the National Federation Danish Coopera- 
tive Bacon Factories, Copenhagen. 
2 Not available. 
UTILIZATION OF BY-PKODUCTS. 
A sausage-making plant, usually operated on a comparatively 
small scale, is a part of each cooperative bacon factory. To utilize 
the by-products to best advantage, each plant slaughters a number 
of cattle, sheep, and horses. The cooperative plants operate their 
own retail shop uptown for disposal of by-products and some oper- 
ate shops in larger towns, as well as distributing a large part of 
their sausages and meats direct to retailers in their respective mem- 
bership territory. Plants near Copenhagen and the large provincial 
cities dispose of offal to private firms in these cities. Special parts 
of the offal are sold to chemical plants both in Denmark and Ger- 
many. Each plant is also equipped to manufacture the blood and 
bones into feeding cakes and commercial fertilizers. 
USUAL METHOD OF FINANCING. 
The nature of the slaughtering process necessitates a compara- 
tively large unit plant. The original outlay for erecting the plant, 
as well as the necessary operating capital, is much larger than for 
the cooperative creamery, because curing the bacon necessitates 
carrying the stock for a longer period. In the cooperative creamery 
the surplus earnings which accumulate throughout the year are 
kept largely as a savings deposit; in the cooperative bacon factory 
this surplus is used as operating capital. As the surplus earnings 
are returned to the members at the end of the fiscal year, it is usually 
necessary to borrow part of the operating capital required for the 
first six months of each new year. 
