AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION IN DENMARK. 
31 
situation, in the last two or three years Denmark has searched ear- 
nestly for new butter markets, to which any surplus butter that would 
affect the prices on her principal market might be diverted. To trade 
on new markets involved new risks and often embarrassing experi- 
ences to the trade. The pre-war market organization was built 
largely to supply one market. Now a large part of the butter export 
is distributed to several markets. (Table 4.) If Danish butter is 
to be permanently distributed to several foreign markets, it is evi- 
dent that the Danish farmers will need a more highly centralized 
distributive organization and also a daily butter quotation. With 
90 per cent of the Danish butter manufactured in cooperative cream- 
eries, the producers might easily divert the selling of the bulk of 
their butter through cooperative export associations. 
Trade on the world markets during the last two years has often 
been based on unnatural demand and supply trade, together with 
fluctuating money exchange rates and unstable markets. However, 
in spite of these difficulties, the Danes have marketed their surplus 
butter in a creditable way. This distribution to several markets has 
enabled them to sell their surplus butter export at favorable prices 
to the producers in spite of world economic depression. 
Table 4. — Distribution of Danish butter exports. 1 
1913 
1921 
1922 
Country to which exported. 
Pounds 
(000 
omitted) . 
Per cent. 
Pounds 
(000 
omitted). 
Per cent. 
Pounds 
(000 
omitted). 
Per cent. 
Total export 2 ........ 
200, 672 
181, 921 
3,461 
492 
( 3 ) 
100.0 
90.7 
1.7 
.2 
202, 953 
135, 272 
1,210 
17, 019 
161 
7,447 
9,976 
17, 236 
11, 426 
100.0 
66.7 
.6 
8.4 
.1 
3.7 
4.9 
8.5 
5.6 
211, 871 
151, 370 
514 
12, 487 
6,214 
16, 005 
14, 362 
7,399 
2,176 
100.0 
71.4 
.2 
5.9 
2.9 
7.6 
France... .. .... .. 
2 
6.8 
3.5 
United States .... ...... .. . 
260 
.1 
1.0 
1 Source: "8 Die Beretning om Landbrugsraadets Virksomhed" published by Landbrugsraadet, Co- 
penhagen, 1923. 
2 62,872,987 pounds of Danish cream exported in 1913 as against only 331,871 pounds in 1922. 
3 9,474,347 pounds of Danish butter exported to Austria- Hungary in 1913— Czechoslovakia was then part 
of that empire. 
In times of depression in trade the great aid to industry is stand- 
ardized production and organized marketing. This has been effect- 
ively demonstrated by the Danish producers to a remarkable degree 
during the last three years. The new market conditions could not 
have been met with such favorable results if the individual producer 
had stood alone. 
BACON INDUSTRY AND COOPERATION. 
The swine industry ranks next in importance to the dairy industry 
in Denmark in point of agricultural exports. In pre-war times, 
1913, Denmark exported 272,000,000 pounds of bacon 23 to Great 
23 Practically all Danish bacon is marketed in the form of Wiltshire side with ham and 
shoulder attached, and this is all exported as bacon. 
