CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN WHEAT VARIETIES. D 
Villars, in 1787 (198), divided the common wheats into two species, 
Triticum vulgare and T. touzelle. The latter consisted of awnless 
wheat having white kernels. 
Destrontaines, in 1800 (79), established the species Triticum durum 
for the group of wheats having long awns and long vitreous kernels. 
Host, in 1805 (179), described and named the species Triticum 
compactum to include the club wheats and in addition recognized 
10 other species of the genus 7’riticum. 
Seringe, in 1819 (774), arranged the common and club wheats 
together into 10 groups based on lax or dense and awned or awnless 
spikes, white or brownish kernels, and glabrous or pubescent glumes. 
He listed varieties from Switzerland, France, Germany, and Eng- 
land. 
Metzger, in 1824 (143), at Heidelberg, followed essentially the 
Same system as Seringe, but in addition considered winter or spring 
habit of growth. ‘The 10 groups of Seringe were further subdivided, 
making 18 groups. The kernels were described as white, yellow, and 
reddish. yi : 
Metzger, in 1841 (144), reedited his classification of 1824, making 
some changes and adding more varieties. 
Seringe, in 1841 (/75), published a revision of his previous work 
of 1818, in which he classified and partly described a large number 
of varieties of wheat. 
Alefeld, in 1866 (35), classified the wheats into two genera and 
species, Lviticwm vulgare and Deina polonica. The latter con- 
tained four subspecies or varieties of Polish wheats, 7. polonicum, 
while the former was divided into many subspecies and varietal 
groups containing all other species of Triticum. Each of these 
was described in detail. 
Heuzé, in 1872 (7/1), grouped the wheats into 7 species. He 
listed (00 varietal names of wheat, 602 of which belonged to the 
species Z’reticum sativum, which included both common and club 
wheats. He described 47 varieties in this species, while the remain- 
ing 555 names were considered as synonyms. 
Koernicke, in 1873 (132), and Koernicke and Werner, in 1885 
(133), prepared the most complete classification of wheat yet pub- 
lished. ‘They followed Alefeld’s system of applying Latin names to 
the botanical groups. The groups keyed by them included 22 of 
vulgare, 21 of compactum, 26 of turgidum, 24 of durum, 12 of spelta, 
20 of dicoccum, 21 of polonicum, and 4 of monococcum. Named 
varieties included in each botanical group were described in detail, 
and the history, synonyms, and source of each were given. Much 
of this latter information had been published in the works of Alefeld 
and Heuzé. 
