CLASSIFICATION OF AMERICAN WHEAT VARIETIES. Sl 
ing value is inferior to that of most soft red winter wheat varieties grown in 
the United States. 
' History—This is an old English variety of undetermined origin. It is either 
one of several different Squarehead types or the parent of the several types re- 
cently developed in England and Sweden. Its cultivation in the United States 
under the name Squarehead or English Squarehead is known to date only 
from 1908, when the above-described wheat was brought from Hngland by R. 
Clanfield, of Ballston, Oreg. 
Distribution.—Grown as English Squarehead in Polk County, Oreg. 
Synonyms.—Big English, Cianfield, and English Squarehead. Big English 
and Clanfield were reported by Hyslop (126, p. 674) as names used for Square- 
head wheat in Oregon. English Squarehead is used to indicate that the variety 
came from England. 
RED RUSSIAN. 
Description.—This variety differs from Squarehead only in being of shorter 
stature and in having a denser and more clavate spike. Spikes, glumes, and 
kernels of Red Russian are shown in Plate XVII, A. 
History—tThis variety undoubtedly is of English origin and is, or is derived 
from, the old Squarehead wheat. The origin of the variety, however, is unde- 
termined. The name Red Russian seems to be used for the variety only in the 
Pacific Northwest section of the United States. The variety was introduced 
into the Palouse section of Washington about 1890 and 
has always been best known there under the name Red 
Russian (98, p. 5). 
Disiribution—Grown in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and 
Washington. This distribution is shown in Figure 29. 
Synonyms.— Australian Club, Early Sunrise, Square- 
head, German Red, Montana Deal, and Red Walla. 
Australian Club is used as a synonym for Red Russian 
in Lewis County, Wash. Early Sunrise and German ; 
Red are names which, according to Prof. G. R. Hyslop een eee 
’ ’ west, showing the dis- 
of the Oregon Agricultural College, have been used for tribution of Red Rus- 
xed Russian wheat in the State of Oregon. sian whcat in 1919. 
Squarehead is a name used for Red Russian wheat by Estimatcd area, 154,- 
experiment station agronomists to associate the wheat ae an 
with the old and well-known Squarehead wheat of England, which it very 
closely resembles. Montana Deal is a name reported by J. W. Little, of Nezperce, 
Lewis County, Idaho, to be used as a synonym for Red Russian. Red Walla is a 
name somet-mes used for the Red Russian variety in the Pacific Northwest, as 
it is the name of the subclass in which grain of the variety is marketed when sold 
under the United States Official Grain Standards. 
Fic. 29.— Outline map 
SOL. 
Description—The Sol variety differs only slightly from Red Russian, but 
has a slightly less clavate spike and longer and wider leaves, which are of a 
darker green shade. 
History—It was originated at the Svalof Plant-Breeding Station, Svalof, 
Sweden, and it is said to have been derived from natural crossing, the parents 
| probably being Swedish Island and English Stand-Up (85, p. 13). It was first 
put on the market by the Svalof Seed-Breeding Association in 1911. In the 
United States the variety was distributed as Sun by Charles H. Lilly & Co., 
seedsmen, of Seattle, Wash. 
95539°-——22—Bull. 10746 
