88 BULLETIN 1074, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
This variety is fairly hardy and has been grown from fall sowing in the 
Southeastern States for many years. Its principal] advantage over other varie- 
ties in that section is its early maturity, which in part is due to its spring 
habit. Plate XVIII, B, shows spikes, glumes, and kernels of this variety. 
History.—The origin of Purplestraw wheat is undetermined. It is, how- 
ever, one of the earlier varieties of wheat grown in the United States. Con- 
eerning its early culture, the following information has been recorded by 
Edmund Ruffin: 
’ From 1822 to the present time the same kind of wheat has been cultivated, 
first known as Mountain Purplestraw and more lately designated Early Purple 
straw (161, p. 103). 
As the variety has continued to be an important wheat in the southeastern 
United States, its successful cuiture has continued about 100 years. 
Distribution—Grown in Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Flerida, Georgia, 
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South 
Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, 
and Virginia. The distribu- 
fae oS an a ee 
Loe Za tion is shown in Figure 33. 
Ennai Synonyms.—Alabama Blue 
: LAs zig straw, Georgia Bluestem, 
Pies Eo Georgia Red, Mountain Pur- 
ae plestraw, and Ripley. 
Alabama Bluestem is a name 
commonly used for Purple 
-straw wheat in Alabama. 
Bluestem is the general name 
used as a Synonym for Purple- 
straw by many growers of the 
a variety in the Southeastern 
&. bts States. Early Purplestraw is 
Fig. 33.—Outiine map of the southeastern United 4 ina eared se 
States, showing the distribution of Purplestraw = gees aS mG:ca ADOVE, 
wheat in 1919. Estimated area, 273,800 acres. which was formely used for 
the variety. In recent years, 
howeyer, the word “early ” has been dropped, and Purplestraw has become the 
name mest generally used. Georgia Bluestem and Georgia Red are names com- 
monly used by growers of Purplestraw wheat in Georgia. Mountain Bluestem, 
as stated above, was the name under which the variety was first grown. This 
name is still used in some sections, although the prefix “ Mountain” has gen- 
erally been dropped for many years. Ripley is a local name used for Purple 
straw in York County, S. C. 
a stem, Bluestem, Early Purple- 
HUSTON. 
Description—Plant spring habit, early, midtall; stem faintly purple, mid- 
strong; spike awnless, oblong, dense, erect; glumes glabrous, white, midlong, 
midwide, easily shattered ; shoulders wanting to narrow, oblique; beaks narrow, 
obtuse, 1.0 to 1.5 mm. long; apical awns several, 3 to 10 mm. long; Kernels 
red, short, soft to semihard, broadly ovate; germ midsized; crease midwide, 
shallow to middeep, usually pitted; cheeks rounded, brush smail, midlong, 
sometimes collared. 
This is one of the few soft red spring-wheat varieties grown in the United 
States. 
History—According to S. lL. Williams, of the Eugene Mill & Elevator Co., 
Eugene, Oreg., the variety was introduced in the vicinity of Eugene in 1876 by 
