AGRICULTURAL SURVEY OF EUROPE. 
11 
Referring to Table 4, it is seen that there was a relative decrease 
in the bread cereals, wheat and rye, from 55.5 per cent to 50 per 
cent. The great reduction in surplus wheat was due, however, 
chiefly to decreased production per acre, as shown in Tables 5 and 6. 
The yield per acre of all cereals has been materially below the average 
during the last three years. The average pre-war yield per acre of 
the five chief cereals was 23 bushels against 17.8 bushels in 1921 
and 19.8 bushels in 1922. 
The decrease in cereal acreage in 1920 was 15.8 per cent below 
pre-war (1911-1915); while according to the livestock census of 1920 
there were also heavy decreases in the numbers of cattle, horses, 
sheep, and swine, as compared with the enumeration of 1911. The 
greatest decrease was in sheep, a reduction of more than two-fifths 
m nine years. In other classes of livestock^ as shown in Table 8, 
reductions are roughly in proportion to the reduction in cereal acreage, 
as shown above. 
Table 8. — Livestock in 
Hungary 
1911 and 1920 {1921 boundaries) 
Livestock. 
Number in— 
Decrease. 
Per cent 
decrease. 
Number per 1,000 
inhabitants. 
1911 
1920 
19111 
1920 2 
Cattle 
2,194,474 
883, 832 
2, 299, 463 
3, 191, 868 
1,940,516 
685,345 
1,339,3*9 
2,652,744 
2,53,958 
198,487 
960, 074 
539, 124 
11.6 
22.5 
41.8 
16.9 
2S9 
116 
302 
420 
244 
Horses 
86 
Sheep 
169 
Swine 
334 
Population of 1910, 7,600,417. 
Population of 1920, 7,945,878. 
Before discussing the significance of these decreases, both in 
field crop farming and in animal industry, it is well to examine 
briefly the difference between farming on large and small holdings. 
LARGE ESTATE VERSUS PEASANT FARMING. 
There does not appear to be any marked influence of the size of 
the farm (whether peasant or estate) upon the decrease in wheat 
and rye acreage, according to the unpublished data furnished by the 
Hungarian Central Statistical Bureau (Tables 9 and 10). By means 
of these data we are able to contrast the seeding of cereals on both 
large and small farms in 1914 with 1921. 
Table 9. 
■Area seeded to cereals on large estates in Hungary, 1914 and 1921 
(1921 boundaries). 
Crop. 
1914 
1921 
Wheat 
Acres. 
1,282,259 
563, 813 
Per cent. 
39.4 
17.3 
Acres. 
881, 0S4 
452,667 
Per cent. 
33.2 
Eye 
17.1 
Bread cereals 
1,846,072 
403,618 
382,666 
620, 028 
56.7 
12.4 
11.8 
19.1 
1,333,751 
379, 506 
350. 996 
588, 745 
50.3 
Barley 
14.3 
Oats 
13.2 
Corn 
22.2 
Total 
3,252,384 
100.0 
2,652,998 
100.0 
Decrease below pre-war average, 
acres; per cent of decrease, 18.4. 
