26 
BULLETIN 1234, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
per head of horses per year, or a total of 16,845,000 bushels for the 
district. Employing the Hungarian norm of 2.2 pounds per head 
per day, which is the average for the old Kingdom as a whole, gives 
a total oats consumption of 6,-139,000 bushels for the district of 
Transylvania, which is obviously too low, since before the war 
Transylvania imported oats from the old Kingdom of Rumania 
(see Table 23). In striking the oats balance in Table 23 it has been 
assumed that the average amount of oats fed annually to stock in 
the territory now comprised within the boundaries of Hungary was 
25.2 bushels per head, the norm now used by the Hungarian Govern- 
ment, (number of horses as in Table 45) , but in other parts of Hungary 
33 bushels as estimated for Transylvania by the Rumanian Govern- 
ment, except in Voivodina where the norm used is 36.5; in Slovakia 
it is 47, and in Croatia-Slavonia it is 12.5 bushels. Even this con- 
sumption per head is somewhat low, as will be seen by comparing the 
statistical surplus indicated in Table 23 with the actual average 
exports during the 5-year period 1911-1915. 
During this period the actual foreign trade in oats was as follows: 
Table 23. — Foreign trade in oats, Hungary, average 1911-1915. 
Country. 
Imports ( + ). 
Exports (-). 
Net. 
Bushels. 
13, 166 
317, 332 
524, 495 
5,050 
15,350 
16, 858 
Bushds. 
Bu* 
- 13, 166 
-S. 371, 500 
Austria 
S, 688, 832 
238,248 
13, 372 
Bosnia 
+286, 247 
Bulgaria 
-\322 
Europoan Turkey 
-f 15. 350 
Germany 
+ 16,858 
Italy. 
12, 559 
-12,559 
Rumania 
273, 329 
14, 585 
55, 377 
152 
+273,329 
Russia 
"*36,569 
18, 202 
+ 14,585 
Serbia 
Other countries 
— 18 050 
Total 
1,235,694 
9, 007, 782 
-7,772 - 
Comparing the statistical average surplus with the actual average 
net exports we have : 
1,000 bushels. 
Statistical average surplus 1911-1915 11,267 
Average net export 1911-1915 7,772 
Difference 3 , 495 
Oats were grown everywhere in the old Kingdom of Hungary. 
In only four regions, however, were they produced in sufficient 
quantity and of sufficiently high quality to be recognized by distinct 
trade names abroad. These districts were: 
Batchka (now, in part, a district of Voivodina) .—The acreage seeded to oats 
in Batchka was very great, fully twice that of all Croatia-Slavonia. 
The west Danube counties. 
Upper Hungary, now Slovakia. Oats from this district were considered in- 
ferior to those from the other regions. 
The uplands of Transylvania called "Seven-Mountains." The oats from this 
district entered largely into dome-tic trade* under the name of " Sebenberger." 
OATS SITUATION IN THE KKITBLIC OF HUNGARY. 1921 22. 
The statistical surplus of oats during the years L92J and 1922 
with the corresponding figures for 1911-1915, are shown in Table 24: 
