AGRICULTURAL, SURVEY OF EUROPE. 
33 
With the improvement of meadow land, the cultivation of upland 
pastures, and the increased seeding of forage crops, animal industry 
was increasing very rapidly before the war. During the war period 
the herds were greatly depleted. 
The number of cattle within the 1921 boundaries of Hungary in 
1920 as compared with 1911 is shown in table 36: 
Table 36. — Classification and number of cattle in Hungary (1921 boundaries) 
in 1920 as compared with 1911. 
Cattle. 
1911 
1920 
Bulls 
78,615 
920,842 
1,082,986 
112,031 
100,907 
Cows. . 
849,946 
989, 663 
Calves 
Total 
2,194,474 
1, 940, 516 
253,958 
11.6 
Per cent of difference 
In 1920 there were 11.6 per cent fewer cattle in Hungary than in 
the same territory in 1911 ; while the decrease in cereal acreage below 
pre-war (1911-1915) was 15.8 per cent in 1920, 13.3 per cent in 1921, 
and 19.6 per cent in 1922. While there has been some increase in 
the production of forage, there has not been in Hungary an increase 
in pastures and meadows (see Table 3) such as we find in all other 
countries of southeastern Europe. A report under date of April 5, 
1923, of United States Consul Edwin C. Kemp from Budapest states: 
A shortage of forage for stock is reported to be of sufficient importance to 
move the Minister of Agriculture to occupy himself with the increase of pasture 
land in connection with the agrarian reform. Many farmers are reported to 
have sold their stock to butchers, retaining only such as are necessary for the 
spring cultivation. 
This indicates that the increase of cattle during 1921 was in excess 
of forage production possibilities and that the upper limit was 
approached if not reached in 1922-23. Actual numbers are not 
available. 
The pre-war foreign trade in cattle of the old Hungarian Kingdom 
is shown in Table 37: 
Table 37. — Foreign trade in cattle, Hungary, average 1911-1915. 
Country. 
Imports +. 
Exports-- 
Net. 
Austria 
19, 012 
2,838 
3,943 
835 
1, 554 
5,164 
120 
886 
137 
275, 460 
4,7S6 
-256,448 
-1,94* 
Bosnia 
Denmark 
+3,943 
-11,009 
Germanv 
11,844 
Netherlands 
+ 1,554 
Rumania 
166 
+4,998 
Sweden 
+ 120 
Switzerland 
214 
131 
+672 
Other countries 
+6 
Total 
34, 489 
292,601 
—258,112 
(2896°— 24- 
