AGRICULTURAL SURVEY OF EUROPE. 47 
sown for green manure with a net loss of 362,000 acres of plow land 
and, due to the increase of fallow land, a loss in areas under crops 
of more than 500,000 acres. 
As in most other regions of southeastern Europe there has been 
an increase in meadows and pastures, indicating increased activity 
in animal industry. 
The great differences between pre-war agriculture and that of 
1921 is the 362,000-acre decrease in tilled land and the 382,000-acre 
increase in meadows and pastures. 
AUSTRIA'S POST-WAR DECREASE IN PRODUCTION. 
AREA UNDER CULTIVATION. 
Not taking into consideration the territory of Burgenland, of which 
statistics were not yet included in published reports with those of 
other parts of Austria in 1921, we have a distinct decrease in the 
area of land under plow during the post-war period as compared 
with the last pre-war year, 1913 — 
Acres plowed. 
1913 4, 514,292 
1918 4, 165,213 
1919 4,084, 121 
1920 4,080,638 
1921 4, 152,068 
This decrease reached its low point in 1920, and the country is now 
on the gain. The causes attending the passing out of cultivation of 
more than 400,000 acres were purely economic. That is, they were 
not the results of any land reform movement similar to that taking 
place in Rumania, since only about 6.1 per cent of Austria's till 
land is in estates of more than 247 acres, 1 93.9 per cent of the land 
being in small holdings. The great depreciation of the currency 
of the country, the resulting high cost of labor, the fixing of the 
price of bread to the city dweller so low that the peasant could not 
compete with America or even cover cost of production, shortage 
of draft animals, and inability to purchase commercial fertilizers 2 
were all causes tending to discourage agriculture involving labor 
operations. 
Table 58. — Shortage of Commercial Fertilizers in Austria, 1921. 
Item. 
Carloads of 10 tons. 
Required. 
Delivered. 
Potash salts 
4,250 
14,500 
4,000 
650 
Superphosphate and Thomas meal. 
Nitrogen fertilizers 
1,800 
700 
1 However, more than 50 per cent of the forests are held as large estates, 1 ,236 acres and over. 
1 Table 58 (taken from "Die Wirtschaftskrafte osterreichs" by Dr. Karl Hudeczek, Wien 1921) gives 
an idea of the fertilizer shortage. 
