82 
BTTXETIX 1234, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
There are increases in unplowed tilled land, in natural prairies, and 
in forests; but the most marked increase is in forage crops (see p. 
81). There has been a great falling off in cereals as already noted as 
well as decreases in roots and tubers. 
Aside from the factors in the general economic situation that 
influence these changes in Czech agriculture for the most part, there 
are certain influences exerted by changes in the size of the farm 
unit that should be noted. These influences will not greatly modify 
Czech agriculture, but the facts are given here on account of the 
light that they throw upon the general question of land reform as 
affecting all of Central Europe. 
LARGE VERSUS SMALL FARMS IN CEREAL PRODUCTION. 
The differences between the farming on large and small holdings 
have been worked out for Czech conditions under the direction of 
Dr. Vladimer Brdlik. A single comparison (Table 104) will serve 
to show r the general trend of field-crop operations as influenced by 
the size of the farm. 
Table 104. 
-Per cent of cereals seeded in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia on farms 
of various sizes. 
Crop. 
Per cent by size of farms in acres. 
5 to 12 
acres. 
12 to 50 
acres. 
50 to 250 
acres. 
Above 
250 acres. 
Wheat 
Per cent. 
14 
41 
14 
31 
Per cent. 
18 
35 
16 
31 
Per cent. 
20 
31 
22 
27 
Per cent. 
27 
Rye 
23 
28 
Oats 
22 
The larger the farm the greater is the percentage seeded to wheat 
and barley, the two cash crops. The smaller the farm the more rye, 
the peasant's food, and the more oats, feed for his stock, are seeded. 
In Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia there were — 
176,942 farms of from 5 to 12 acres. 
103,592 farms of from 12 to 50 acres. 
56,341 farms of from 50 to 250 acres. 
3,002 farms of more than 250 acres. 
The pre-war (1904-13) average number of acres and the relative 
area in percentages of four cereals seeded were — 
Crop. Acres. 
Per com. 
Wheat 
Rye 
Bark'\ 
Oats. 
Total 
861, 556 
2,043. L'll 
1,426,990 
1.. si 1,695 
14.0 
33.3 
23.2 
29.5 
o. 143,452 
100.0 
The relative wheat acreage on the average was that of farms from 
5 to 12 acres; the percentage of rye was similar to that on farms of 
from 12 to 50 acre-; hurley to that on farms of from 50 to 250 acres; 
while oats approximated that on farms between 12 to 250 acres. The 
agriculture in general was that of farms below 50 acres. That is to 
say the general type of Czech agriculture is that of small peasant 
farming 
