84 
BULLETIN 1234, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
Forty-three per cent, or 786,569 acres of Czech large estates were rented to 
small operators; 1,042,836 acres were operated by the owners, totaling 1,829,405 
acres. 
Twenty-six per cent, or 361,737 acres of large estates in Slovakia were rented 
to small operators; 1,029,559 acres were operated bv the owners, totaling 
1,391,296 acres. 
The total agricultural land in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia is 
approximated at 12,580,874 acres, of which 10,751,469 acres were 
owned and operated by the small farmers, and an additional 786,569 
acres of large estate lands were rented and operated by them. Only 
277,864 acres of large estates are to remain in the possession of the 
former large owners, while 1,042,836 acres are to be transferred to 
new operators. This change involves only 8.3 per cent of the total 
plow land, and will not have a profound influence upon changes in 
the type of Czech agriculture, except as regards sugar beets and pota- 
toes used for alcohol manufacture. 
That the present changes in Czech agriculture are not the result of 
the land reform is seen by comparing the areas seeded in 1922 with 
Doctor Brdlik's table on page 82. 
Acres seeded for crop of 1922. 
Crop. 
Acres. 
Per cent. 
Wheat 
844,477 
1,695,248 
876,566 
1,444,742 
17.4 
34.9 
18.0 
29.7 
Rye 
Barley 
Oats 
4,861,033 
100.0 
The ratio of oats seeding has remained constant; barley has 
decreased toward smaller farming and wheat and rye have risen 
toward large estate farming. There is no direct correlation between 
the rates of cereal seeding and the breaking up of the large estates in 
Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia. These changes are due to economic 
influences, such as high cost and scarcity of labor, high cost of ferti- 
lizers, high cost of beer, lessening the demand for malting barley, 
etc. These distributing influences are temporary and only after 
they are removed with the return of normal economic conditions 
will the effects of the land reform become apparent. 
Doctor Brdlik estimates that, if all other factors remained 
unchanged, the land reform would result thus: 
Wheat production, 0.6 per cent decrease. 
Rye production, 2.9 per cent increase. 
Barley production, 3.5 per cent decrease. 
Oats production, 3.4 per cent increase. 
Resulting in a total increase in cereal production of 0.6 per cent. 
Alcohol production would decrease 64.4 per cent. 
Sugar production would decrease 13 per cent. 
Potato production would decrease 0.8 per cent. 
A decrease of 0.6 per cenl in wheat would mean a loss of 120,000 
bushels, which is negligible, being much less than the seasonal 
differences in production. 
The land reform, of itself, will have but little direct effect upon 
cereal production in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia. 
FORMER HUNGARIAN TERRITORY (SLOVAKIA). 
When the frontier of Moravia is crossed into Slovakia, the agri- 
culture of the west, that is grounded upon science with practice, is 
