86 
BULLETIN 1234, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
There is a slight decrease in the rate of seeding of both wheat and 
barley and slight increases in rye, oats, and corn. Potatoes have 
fallen off somewhat, and there has been a large decrease in sugar 
beets. Although estate agriculture never played a decisive role in 
Slovakia, since the large estates were often rented out in small plots 
rather than being operated as a whole, still a very slight effect of the 
dropping out of the estates is noticeable in the case 01 wheat and rye 
as indicated by the following comparison. 
The yields obtained from the areas under the principal crops both 
before the war and during the three crop seasons, 1920, 1921, and 1922, 
are given in Table 109. 
Table 109. — Production 
of cereals, potatoes, and sugar 
1920-1922. 
beets in S 
lovakia, 1911-1915, 
Crop. 
1911-1915 
1920 
1921 
192-2 
Wheat 
l,000bush. 
13, 757 
7,455 
23,842 
15,407 
5,519 
1,000 bush. 
9,833 
6,913 
15,568 
12,406 
6,051 
1,000 bush. 
15,536 
11,311 
19,944 
15,325 
66,657 
1,000 bush. 
12,721 
10, 151 
Rve 
Barley 
20,732 
16,057 
Oats 
6,611 
Total, five chief cereals . . . 
65,980 
76,292 
1,693 
50,771 
68,285 
843 
68,773 
3S,374 
623 
66,272 
95,246 
Sugar beets 
short tons.. 
895 
LARGE ESTATE AGRICULTURE VERSUS SMALL FARMING IN SLOVAKIA. 
It is possible to make a comparison between large and small estate 
operations in the former Hungarian districts that now constitute 
Slovakia, through the courtesy of the Central Statistical Bureau in 
Budapest, that prepared the material from which Table 110 was 
taken. 
Table 110. — Slovakia cereal areas seeded, 1914. 
Item. 
Large estates. 
Peasant holdings. 
Both large and small. 
Wheat 
Acres. 
275,072 
114,358 
Per cent. 
35.5 
14.7 
Acres. 
538, 349 
401,906 
Per cent. 
24.0 
17.9 
Acres. 
813,421 
516, 264 
Per cent. 
27.0 
Rye 
17.1 
Total bread cereals 
3S9, 430 
227,008 
99,932 
58, 624 
50. 2 
29.3 
12.9 
7.6 
940, 255 
686,429 
464, 353 
152, 130 
41.9 
30.6 
20.7 
6.8 
1.329.685 
913, 437 
564, 285 
210, 754 
44.1 
30.2 
Oats 
IS. 7 
Corn 
7.0 
Total cereals 
771,994 
100.0 
2, 243, 167 
100.0 
3,018,161 
100.0 
It will bo noted that the total and the relative manner in which 
the five chief cereals were seeded on both the large and small estates 
in 1914 are nearly identical with the total and relative seeding for 
the average of the period 1911-1915, shown in Table 10S. On the 
estates more than one-third of the cereal area was seeded to wheat, 
the ''cash crop." When the territory now constituting Slovakia 
became a portion of the Czechoslovak Republic, a considerable 
number of the Large landowners, mostly Hungarian nobles, are re- 
ported to have abandoned their estates ami to have lied to Budapest. 
Tliis threw nearly 494,000 acres out of cultivation of which all but 
1*),000 acres had been under cereals. Thus the farming of this 
