AGRICULTURAL SURVEY OF EUROPE. 
87 
district was brought nearer to the level of peasant farming. That 
is to say, the difference between the percentage rate of seeding by 
the peasants in 1914, and the rate of seeding by all classes in 1922 
is less than the difference in the percentage rate of seeding by all 
classes in 1914 and in 1922. 
The Slovak peasants continued to seed their cereal areas in 1922 
in about the same ratio that they seeded them in 1914 in spite of 
the very considerable demand for wheat existing in the western 
districts of the Republic. 
HYPOTHETICAL WHEAT AND RYE BALANCE. 
In Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia, Austrian figures are given for 
the actual amounts of wheat and rye required by the inhabitants 
of these provinces. The Hungarian Government employed a per 
capita consumption figure for the entire Kingdom of 292.6 pounds 
of wheat and 79.2 pounds of rye per year; but the application of 
this figure to the present territories of Slovakia and Ruthenia does 
not give results that conform to the facts; that is, it was a fact 
that before the war part of the Czech food deficit was covered by 
importation of wheat from Slovakia. 
In order to get a rough estimate of Slovak wheat movement, 
the same wheat consumption norm is employed in the following 
balance that is used by the Prague Government in making the 
Czech balance; that is, 198.4 pounds of wheat instead of the norm 
for all Hungary given above. These people in Slovakia eat some 
rye, considerable barley, and not a little corn. It is estimated that 
their average rye consumption is indicated by their average rye 
production, or about 132 pounds per capita per year, as it is im- 
probable that this district exported wheat and imported rye. Their 
adjustment to economic variables was scarcely fine enough for that. 
The following approximate wheat and rye balance is given as indi- 
cating the probable average relations that existed between pro- 
duction and consumption before the war. 
Table 111. — Average wheat and rye balance, Slovakia, 1911-1915. 
Crop. 
Area 
seeded. 
Production. 
Seed. 
Net 
production. 
Food re- 
quirement. 1 
Surplus. 
Wheat 
Acres. 
761,204 
510, 444 
Bushels. 
13. 756. 964 
9, 073.. 819 
Bushels. 
2, 263. 793 
1, 626, 475 
Bushels. 
11,493.171 
7. 147, 344 
Bushels. 
10, 294, 713 
7, 353, 366 
Bushels. 
+ 1, 198,458 
+93, 978 
Rye 3 
1 Population , from Hungarian statistics, 3,119,610. This figure is used because the other data employed 
here are from Hungarian statistics. The population figure f 1910) published by the Czechs is 2,926. 824. ' 
2 Includes maslin. 
Before the war a portion of Slovakia's normal wheat surplus 
(probably most of it) was shipped to the Czechs. The rye surplus 
is negligible. 
Table 112. — Wheat and rye balance, Slovakia, 192 !. 
Crop. 
Wheat. 
Rye 2 ... 
Area sown, 
Acres. 
625, 247 
476, S84 
Produc- 
tion. 
Bushels. 
12.721.332 
10. 151,065 
Seed. 
Bushels. 
1,856,984 
1,521,260 
Net i Food re- 
production. quirenient. 
Bushels. 
10,864,348 
8, 629, 805 
Bushels. 
9,878, 181 
7.056.058 
Surplus. 
+985,867 
+ 1,573,747 
'Population of 1921, 2,993,479, 
* Includes maslin. 
