92 BULLETIN 1234, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Balancing pre-war production against consumption, Table 1 17 shows : 
Table 117. — Wheat and rye balance in Ruthenia, average 1911-1915. 
Crop. 
Area 
seeded. 
Produc- 
tion. 
Seed. 
Net pro- 
duction. 
Food re- 
quirement. 1 
Deficit. 
Wheat 
Acres. 
104, 150 
39, 971 
Bushels. 
1.296,342 
556, 181 
Bushels. 
309, 739 
127, 362 
Bushels. 
986,603 
428, 819 
Bushels. 
1,684,863 
676, 954 
Bushels. 
-698, 260 
-248, 135 
Rve 2 
1 Population from Hungarian statistics 574,385. The Czechs published a 1910 population of 598,345; but 
the figure calculated from Hungarian data is employed because the other data are from the same source — 
the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture. 
2 Includes maslin. 
Before the war these small deficits were balanced by shipments 
from the near-by surplus districts of present Himgarian territory. 
Table 118. — Wheat and rye balance in Ruthenia, 1922. 
Crop. 
Area 
sown. 
Produc- 
tion. 
Seed. 
Net pro- 
duction. 
Food 
require- 
ments. 1 
Deficit. 
Wheat 
Acres. 
57, 312 
46,129 
Bushels. 
1, 050, 010 
852, 184 
Bushels. 
170, 217 
147, 152 
Bushels. 
879, 793 
705, 032 
Bushels. 
1, 776, 811 
713, 897 
Bushels. 
-897, 018 
Rye 2 
-8,865 
1 Population of 1921, 605,731 . Consumption norms the same as in the previous table. 
2 Includes maslin. 
The wheat and rye deficit was probably balanced by shipments 
from Hungary. 
There is little probability of any marked change taking place in the 
cereal situation in Ruthenia. This district will continue to require 
from 500,000 to 800,000 bushels of wheat yearly to cover its deficit. 
CONCLUSIONS. 
The depressed agricultural situation in Czechoslovakia is temporary, 
due in the first instance to the unstable economic conditions with 
which the struggling republic has had to contend. To a lesser degree 
it has been affected by the land reform, especially in Slovakia and 
Ruthenia. With the improvement of these economic conditions and 
the settlement of the land question the agriculture of the country is 
bound to return toward normal except as noted. There will probably 
be a decrease in beet-sugar production, an increase in livestock pro- 
duction, and a minor decrease in cereal production. 
It is probable that, because of the adoption of a higher standard of 
living, Czechoslovakia will import more wheat than formerly, but this 
increased importation will be supplied from the surplus producing 
states to the south — Hungary and Yugoslavia, just as before the 
partition of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. These southern states 
will also probably supply most of the pork and pork products that 
Czechoslovakia will require, so that the United States will soon 
relinquish (his market. It is even possible that Czechoslovakia may 
in (lie jic.'ii- future compete with American producers for the bacon 
and lard markets of Poland and eastern Germany. 
