AGRICULTURAL SURVEY OF EUROPE. 
105 
Hungarian records show that in 1912, the last normal pre-war 
year, Montenegro imported cereals as follows: Oats, 584,764 bushels; 
corn, 308,173 bushels; rice, 296,200 bushels; flour, 62,543 barrels, 
equivalent to 272,094 bushels of wheat. The domestic production 
in 1913 was estimated at 250,000 bushels of wheat, 200,000 bushels 
of oats and 1,550,000 bushels of corn. Aside from the annual deficit 
of some 800,000 bushels of wheat and rye as indicated in Table 126, 
there was a corn deficit of about 2,500,000 bushels. 
The census of 1921 shows that the population of Montenegro had 
been reduced to 200,000. The Montenegrins have suffered great 
privations and have been on short rations during and since the war 
period. It is estimated that their wheat and rye consumption can 
not have exceeded that of south Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina 
and was probably lower, but for the purposes of the comparison in 
Table 127 it is placed at 2.77 bushels per capita per year for the post- 
war period. 
The Montenegrins are corn eaters to a greater extent than are the 
Bosnians and it is probable that they have substituted corn for wheat 
and rye to a considerable extent in recent years. Even so, they do 
not produce enough corn for their requirements and were on short 
rations last year even as regards corn. In a deficient district, in time 
of a bad harvest, the theoretical deficit is never imported. The 
population, especially the proletariat, eat other coarser foods, going 
short on the more expensive bread cereals. 
In Table 137 the areas in the column headed " pre-war average" 
are purely hypothetical, estimated from data collected by the Yugo- 
slavian Government in 1920 and 1921. 
Table 137. — Cereal acreage in Montenegro. 
Cereal crop. 
Pre-war average. 
1920 
1921 
Wheat 
Acres. 
15,300 
8,500 
8,200 
2,200 
34,600 
Per cent. 
22.2 
12.4 
11.9 
3.2 
50.3 
Acres. 
13,250 
5,908 
8,295 
1,517 
27,922 
Per cent. 
23.3 
10.4 
14.6 
2.6 
49.1 
Acres. 
11,211 
3,412 
6,170 
1,102 
24,092 
Per cent. 
24.4 
Rye 
7.4 
Barley 
13.4 
Oats 
2.4 
Corn 
52.4 
Total 
68,800 
100.0 
56,892 
11,908 
100.0 
45,987 
22,813 
100.0 
Decrease from pre-war average 
The most significant feature of this table is the indication that the 
mountaineers of Montenegro harvested far smaller acreages of all 
important cereals in 1921 than in 1920. This decrease has little 
effect on the situation in Yugoslavia as a whole, but it is serious for 
the little mountain district where the impoverished people can ill 
afford to buy grain from the outside. It is impossible to foresee what 
will be the future tendencies of Montenegrin agriculture. 
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. 
During the war these two districts were cut off from their normal 
grain supply which in pre-war years came from Hungary 2 through 
Austrian merchants. An effort was undoubtedly made during the 
war to supply their own requirements. 
2 Probably from the districts now annexed to Yugoslavia as Voivodina. 
