AGRICULTURAL SURVEY OF EUROPE. 
107 
tural lands have long since passed almost entirely into the hands of 
small owners. Only a few large estates remained under feudal tenure 
when on March 11, 1921, an official order directed the completion of 
the land reform. Table 140 shows the acreage of cereals harvested 
in Dalmatia in the specified years. 
Table 140. — Cereal acreage in Dalmatia. 
Cereal crop. 
1909-1913 
1921 
Wheat 
Rye 
Barlev 
Oats 
Acres. 
79,724 
18, 137 
53,000 
9,998 
100,822 
Per cent. 
30.5 
6.9 
20.3 
3.8 
38.5 
Acres. 
41,785 
10,294 
47, 767 
2,785 
79, 887 
Per cent. 
22.9 
5.6 
26.2 
1.5 
43.8 
Acres. 
39,951 
5,313 
54,557 
3,580 
78,180 
Per cent. 
22.0 
2.9 
30.0 
2.0 
43.1 
Total 
261,681 
100.0 
182,518 
79,163 
100.0 
181,581 
80,100 
100. 
Decrease from pre-war average 

The fact that there has been a decrease of 30 per cent in the areas 
harvested as compared with the pre-war average may be attributed 
to the fact that a part of the coast and islands was occupied in 1920 
and 1921 by Italian military forces. The increase in the barley area 
harvested is explained by the fact that it brought a better price than 
wheat. Since corn plays a large part in the customary diet of the 
Dalmatians, its production has remained nearer the pre-war level than 
has the production of the locally less considered crops of wheat 
and rye. 
The Austrian Government before the war included Dalmatia in the 
district of the south, and in this district calculated the wheat and rye 
norm at 7.52 bushels per capita per year. It is hardly probable that 
Dalmatia consumed so much as this of the bread cereals, because of 
the extensive use of corn. Therefore, for the 1921 wheat and rye 
balance it has been thought better to employ the Hungarian norm 
of 6.13 bushels. 
The theoretical deficit as shown by Table 127 was, in 1921,3,400,000 
bushels of wheat and rye. Of this less than half should be charged 
to the 1921 harvest of Yugoslavia. The first, second, and third zones 
of Dalmatia were occupied by the Italians, and the deficits of this 
area were supplied from Italian sources. During this occupation 
other sections of the coast were inaccessible from the central districts 
of Yugoslavia, and the inhabitants were obliged to shift for them- 
selves, in some cases importing their own grain and flour. Through 
the entire district, just as in the mountains of Montenegro, the people 
were reduced to short rations and the use of substitutes in the place 
of their customary foods. 
SLOVENIA. 
Slovenia is composed of parts of two former Austrian Provinces of 
Steiermark and Krain, and parts of the two Hungarian counties of 
Vas and Zala. None of these regions is well adapted to grain culture. 
The greater part of the district is in forest, and there are also exten- 
sive vineyards, orchards, and pasture lands. Under the old regime 
there were 230 large estates in Slovenia, aggregating about 469,500 
acres, of which about 70 per cent was in forests, 5 per cent meadows, 
and only 6 per cent cultivated land. These lands were leased to the 
