AGRICULTURAL SURVEY OF EUROPE. 
109 
In the beginning of 1921, 215,000 acres were distributed among 
peasants, and 33,000 acres were allotted to ex-service men who had 
volunteered to serve against the Central Powers. The remainder of 
the land was yet to be assigned at the end of 1921. 
VOIVODINA. 
This is the richest wheat district of Yugoslavia. It comprises parts 
of Temes-Torontal, and Krasov-Severin, these three areas being 
known as the Banat, a famous grain-producing section. It also 
includes parts of Baranya, Batchka, and Csongrad, the southern and 
richest portions of the cereal lands formerly included in the Kingdom 
of Hungar} T . 
In this district 1,147 large estates, totaling 956,000 acres, were 
subject to the land reform. Of these 242,000 acres were distributed 
among farmers and 50,000 acres to volunteers. The owners of these 
estates were extensive breeders of horses and consequently required 
large quantities of oats. The small farmers produced swine and there- 
fore grew corn. The redistribution of the estates is reflected in Table 
143, which shows a decrease in the areas under wheat and oats and 
an increase in the corn acreage : 
Table 143. — Cereal acreage in Voivodina. 
Cereal crop. 
1910-1914 
1920 
Wheat. 
Rye.... 
Barley. 
Oats... 
Corn... 
Acres. 
1,328,244 
53,186 
115, 210 
370, 200 
1, 201, 141 
Per cent. 
43.3 
1.7 
3.8 
12.1 
39.1 
Acres. 
1, 113, 228 
25,323 
106, 386 
198, 755 
1,230,271 
Per cent 
41.6 
1.0 
4.0 
7.4 
46.0 
Total 
Decrease from pre-war average . 
3, 067, 981 
100.0 
2,673,963 
394, 018 
100.0 
Acres. 
1, 159, 354 
29,635 
104,704 
204, 127 
1, 330, 317 
2, 82S, 137 
239,844 
Per cent. 
41.0 
1.1 
3.7 
7.2 
47.0 
100.0 
The crop season of 1920-21 started out unpropitiously with an 
autumn in 1920 too dry to admit of a normal seediug. Yet in the 
spring, spring wheat was not seeded to an abnormal extent; so that 
it is probable that the increased corn area is partly to be accounted 
for by the low seeding of winter wheat. However, much of the 
increase in the corn area is permanent, and this will be at the expense 
of wheat and oats for the reasons above indicated. 
In this northeast district, the crop season was reported to be bad. 
In some sections little more grain was threshed than enough to 
recover the seed. The average yields were from 9 to 12 bushels to 
the acre, as compared with pre-war averages of from 19 to 21 bushels 
per acre. For these reasons the surplus in this district was greatly 
reduced below the pre-war average, as will be noted from a comparison 
of Tables 126 and 127. 
In Table 127 a new norm has been introduced for Voivodina 
unlike any other previously employed in this report. As was shown 
in Table 129, 4,405,000 bushels of wheat and flour in terms of wheat 
were exported from Yugoslavia from July 1, 1922, through June 30, 
1922, most of which came from the. 1921 crop. The wheat, with 
the exception of about 75,000 bushels exported to Greece, was 
shipped up the Danube direct to Austria, Czechoslovakia, and 
