a a Decal 
26 BULLETIN 182, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. ~ ] 
receives from 10 to 13 gallons of spent mash daily. The daily aver- 
age yield of milk per cow is about 2.3 gallons. | 
Five men are employed in the distillery—one master distiller, one 
assistant, two laborers, and a fireman. The master distiller is also | 
a sort of general-utility man, having general charge of all the ma- 
chinery, the superintendence of the buildings, etc. Moreover, he 
must be something of an electrical engineer, as he also has charge | 
of the dynamos used for both light and power, including field power. 
Here, as in Dahlem, no alcohol is used on the estate for technical or 
industrial purposes, electricity and steam being employed. 
In this connection attention should be called to the electric rail- — 
way operated on the estate. It has already been stated that it is | 
about a 15-minute walk from the station to the estate buildings. 
These buildings are connected with the State railway by a track on 
which cars are hauled by an electric locomotive. Thus coal is — 
brought directly to the distillery, and the alcohol, when released by | 
the revenue officer, is hauled by rail in carload lots directly to Berlin, | 
each car containing about 15 barrels having a capacity of about 119 
gallons each. 
Another matter of general interest is the system by which the ac- 
counts are kept. These are systematized, it would seem, by account- 
ants of the agricultural society. Thus the dairy was charged with 
$2,875 for the previous year, including liberal items for fodder raised 
on the estate, for management, etc. If, on an average, .237 gallons 
of milk are obtained daily and 210 gallons are sold in Berlin at a | 
httle over 5 cents per quart (0.25 mark per liter), the income from 
this source may be estimated at $42 per day, to which should be 
added the price obtained for the fattened cows when they cease to 
be valuable for milking purposes. 
According to the statement of the owner, the distillery in itself 
does not pay, but when it is regarded as part of the entire estate it 
does pay. In the foregoing estimate of expenditures of the dairy 
business of the estate, the distillery receives a credit of 4.1 cents for 
the spent mash derived from every bushel of potatoes used. 
The owner stated that in spite of the fact that the estate has 100 
milch cows, 40 oxen, and 32 horses, besides calves, pigs, and chickens, 
he is still compelled to buy stable manure. — In addition, he uses large 
quantities of artificial fertilizers, a fair-sized building being de- 
voted to the latter. The soil about Berlin is very hght and sandy, 
and evidently needs much stimulation to produce crops that it will 
1Recently Prof. Delbriick warned against trying to introduce the manufacture of 
alcohol on too small a scale. In this connection he has figured out the cost of a gallon 
of alcohol when made in a smali distillery and compared it with the cost of the same 
quantity when made in a large distillery. These figures, he said, were decidedly against 
the small distillery and were used by others as an argument against the agricultural 
distilleries. The justification of the small agricultural distilleries lies in their relation 
to agriculture as a whole. 
