ere Lge 
AGRICULTURAL ALCOHOL IN GERMANY. 21 
(30,000 Morgen). It is one of the few of the numerous estates 
belonging to the State which are not rented or leased but are man- 
aged by the State itself. The new Botanical Garden has been 
created from a part of the original domain. The Pharmaceutical 
Institute and other public buildings have been erected on ground 
formerly belonging to it. Other parts have been sold to private 
individuals, so that at the time of the visit there was a colony of 
about 2,000 persons in Dahlem. Therefore, in view of the certain 
ultimate extinction of the estate by the ever-growing city of Berlin, 
it is natural that only such improvements should be made as are 
_ mecessary. 
_ The old homestead of the family of Wilmersdorf was erected in 
1680 and now serves as a dwelling for the superintendent and as 
a bureau for the clerical force. The person highest in authority is 
the Wirklicher Geheimrath, an important government officer, who 
resides in a villa on the estate and who is an officer of one of the 
_ ministries. 
For the reasons mentioned above this estate was of special interest 
_ because it shows what can be done under conditions by no means the 
most favorable. : 
At the time of the visit the area of this estate, aside from the 
large forest, comprised 875 acres (1,400 Morgen). Of this area, 
315 acres were under rye cultivation, 252 acres under potatoes, 150.5 
acres under oats, 94.5 acres under beets, and 63 acres under clover 
and other green forage crops. 
The rye and oats were sold and the straw used as bedding for the 
cows, etc. The beets, of which there were several varieties, were 
used as fodder, especially in the winter, the leaves being fed in the 
fall. The clover and green forage crops were fed to the cattle. 
There were 210 cows in two stables. For field work there were 
14 yoke of oxen. There were 46 horses, 26 of which were employed 
in the fields, 18 were used to draw the milk wagons, and 2 were used 
for saddle purposes. Pigs, chickens, etc., were raised only for estate 
purposes. 
Because of its proximity to Berlin, the estate was operated pri- 
marily as a dairy farm. On an average, 161.7 gallons of milk were 
obtained daily. Because of the absence of meadow lands no cattle 
were raised. Fresh cows were purchased, and after nine months or 
a year (monthly tests as to yield of milk being made) they were 
sold in a fattened condition to the butcher. In like manner the oxen 
were bought when young and after three years of service were sold 
in a fattened condition without loss. 
The milk was delivered to retail customers in Berlin, and only in 
cases of oversupply, as, for example, during the summer months 
when the customers were away on their vacations and the sale of the 
