BULLETIN" 582, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
PROFITS. 
To facilitate this discussion the 75 records from farm owners were 
divided into three groups, as shown in Table 1. 
The first group represents fruit and sugar-beet or truck farms, no 
one of which is as large as 27 acres, and most of them much smaller. 
The chief cash crops are fruit, beets, and truck, other crops being 
quite unimportant on these small units. 
The second group comprises those farms of more than 27 acres in 
size, but on which practically the same crops are grown as on those in 
the first class. Productive live stock (usually stock other than work 
animals) is of but minor importance in either division. The men 
operating more than 27 acres derive a greater proportion of their 
crop receipts from grain, hay, and sugar beets than from fruit. Con- 
siderably more than half of the total receipts comes from the sale of 
crops in both of these groups. 
The third group comprises the live-stock farms from which records 
were secured. Practically half of the total receipts on these farms 
comes from the sale of stock and animal products, while only a little 
more than a fourth of the total receipts comes from the sale of crops. 
The most important cash crop is the sugar beet, and fruit is a minor 
consideration if present. (See Table 7.) 
Table 1. — Average area, capital, receipts, expenses, farm income, and labor 
income on 75 farms operated by their owners. {Utah Lake V alley.) 
Item. 
Size of farms acres. 
Tillable area per farm do. . . 
Crop area per farm do. . . 
Capital 
Receipts 
Expenses 
Farm income 
Labor income 
First 
group 
Second 
group 
(» a** 
farms). 
16.48 
15.04 
13.34 
§6,142 
1,311 
654 
657 
350 
farms). 
Third 
group 
(20 live- 
stock 
farms). 
77.20 
56.64 
46.05 
§13,337 
2,460 
1,195 
1,265 
598 
106.65 
68.06 
47.81 
§16,507 
3,793 
1,574 
2,219 
1,394 
All farms. 
63.99 
45.26 
35.18 
§11,688 
2,417 
1,105 
1,312 
728 
From Table 1 it is seen that the average size of the 26 small farms 
is 16.48 acres, with 15.04 acres of tillable land and 13.34 acres in 
crops. The average labor income from the operation of these small 
farms is $350. In addition to this amount, the operator had the use 
of such products as the farm furnished toward the living of the 
family. If he had no mortgage on which interest had to be paid, the 
farmer had the total farm income ($657) for living expenses and 
savings against the inevitable "rainy day." The survey in 1913 
showed that the farmers similar to those in group 1, Table 1, made 
a labor income of $247. or practically a sixth less than in 1914. In 
the latter year more than half of these men reported large receipts 
from outside labor, labor done off the farm when farm work is not 
