6 BULLETIN 582, TJ. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
capital to increase their labor incomes with but a small increase in 
their investment. The first group in Table 2, with but three-fifths 
as much capital as the small owners in Table 1 ($3,597 as against 
$6,142), made considerably more labor income ($398 as against 
$350). They raised but little fruit, devoting a large part of their 
crop area to sugar beets. The size of farm and the crop area is a 
little larger than with the men in group 1, Table 1. 
The second division in Table 2 comprises 14 farms comparable to 
those of the same group in Table 1. One of these farms is operated 
by a man who owns considerable range land, which he is just be- 
ginning to improve, and who rents a small irrigated area in addition 
to a few acres of such land already owned. The crop area of these 
two groups is a proper measure for comparison. The average capi- 
tal of these men renting additional land is $8,041 and the labor in- 
come $700. With less than two-thirds as much capital, they make 
practically one-fifth more labor income than the larger owners oper- 
ating fruit and general farms. Four of these " renting owners " 
devote considerable attention to live stock. If they are omitted, the 
other 10, with a size of business but a little more than one-third as 
large as the operators in group 2, Table 1, make a labor income of 
$581. This is practically as large as that of the men with whom 
they are compared. 
The last group in Table 2 shows the results for all the farmers 
renting land in addition to the area owned. These men are com- 
pared with the last group in Table 1, which presents the average for 
all farms operated by their owners. The owners had considerably 
more tillable land, owing to the inclusion in Table 2 of a unit com- 
posed largely of unimproved land which was just beginning to be 
brought under cultivation. The average tillable and crop area in 
the two classes under discussion is a proper measure of size. On 
somewhat smaller farms, and with a little over half as much capital 
as the average owner, the man renting additional land made an 
average labor income of $590, or nearly six-sevenths as much as that 
of the straight owners ($728). The greater proportion of live-stock 
farms run by owners accentuates the difference in labor income in 
their favor. 
The average labor income of all the owners and owners with ad- 
ditional land rented is $697. The average capital is $10,096. This 
compares favorably with returns from a similar size of business in 
other parts of the country. 
Table 3. — Average area, capital, receipts, expenses, farm income, and labor 
income on IS dairy farms. (Utah Lake Valley.) 
Average. 
Size of farm acres 119. 46 
Tillable area per farin__do___ 82. 88 
Crop area per farm do 57. 46 
Capital $18, 562 
Average. 
Receipts $4, 227 
Expenses 1, 872 
Farm income 2, 355 
Labor income 1, 427 
