FARM MANAGEMENT IN THE PROVO AREA. 17 
line which was built into Provo created a much greater demand for 
man and team labor than ordinarily exists in this section. The farm- 
ers in question took full advantage of this unusual condition. The 
receipts from outside labor thus averaged much higher than they 
would in a normal year; and these receipts, as already noted, in- 
creased the labor incomes by more than 50 per cent in the case of the 
small owners and small owners with additional land rented. This 
increase is certainly a compliment to the energy of these operators. 
It must be borne in mind, however, in dealing with the labor incomes 
of these men that the figures for 1914 are above normal and that the 
conditions which made this possible are not apt to recur. The aver- 
age labor incomes as shown in the 1913 survey 1 ($247 for the small 
owners and $231 for the small owners with additional rented) prob- 
ably are nearer the returns ordinarily secured on such farms. 
RESULTS BY TYPE OF FARMING AS WELL AS BY SIZE. 
In the preceding discussion the various details and the returns for 
work done have, been presented by size of farm. In Table 13 are 
presented the vital details by size and by type of farming followed. 
This table is a digest of those which have preceded, with some addi- 
tional data, and assembles the facts for all the farms for more con- 
venient study. 
In Table 13 the total acreage of crops grown does not quite check 
up with the crop acreage in line three, because the intervals in the 
young orchards are often planted in various crops, and hay is some- 
times grown in the bearing orchards. All the farms are tabulated 
which can be used in the six classifications of (1) small fruit, (2) 
small general, (3) large fruit, (4) large general, (5) dairy, and (6) 
poultry farms. 
In arriving at the amount of labor used the value of extra labor 
hired is all reduced to a man-time basis at $2 per day, the regular 
day wage. Such labor items include peach pickers (men), peach 
packers and berry pickers (girls) , and the other miscellaneous labor 
used. Thus 10 peach packers averaging $1.20 per day each are 
equivalent to 6 men. Four boys earning 75 cents each per day at 
beet thinning are equivalent to 1.5 men. When members of the farm 
family work on other than a piece-work basis the value of their 
labor (above their board) is reduced to man time at the prevailing 
rate of wages for hands hired by the month. The amount of labor 
done by members of the family is practically the same in the first, 
second, and last groups, and in the three intermediate groups of 
the table. Although it is important at certain seasons, the actual 
1 Bulletin 117, U. S. Dcpt. of Agriculture. 
4734°— 18— Bull. 5S2 3 
