18 
BULLETIN 582, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 
amount of labor exchanged between neighbors is small, and it is 
mutually corrective between groups. 
A minor, but a striking, factor bearing upon the labor used on all 
farms is the prevalence of abundant weed growths along the ditch 
banks. The fields are thus kept constantly seeded with weeds and 
are with difficulty kept clean. (See fig. 1, PL IV.) 
Table 13. — Labor used on different types of farm and the returns for labor. 
Number of farms 
Average per farm: 
Acreage 
Crop acreage 
Capital 
Crop sales 
Stock sales 
Stock product sales 
Miscellaneous receipts 
Labor income 
Months of man labor used 
Animal units 
<*-» {Ss:: 
Hay and fodder {J™*;; 
B - te {S:: 
M * {S*:: 
Nonbearing fruit acres. . 
Other crops do 
Crop area in intensive crops, .percent. . 
Crop area per man acres. . 
Months of labor per crop acre 
Labor income per month of labor 
Number of work horses per farm 
Crop area per work horse acres. . 
Small 
fruit 
farms. 
16 
17.47 
14.29 
$6,248 
$804 
$62 
$47 
$155 
$302 
17.24 
4.33 
1.80 
68 
3.10 
9.66 
.38 
6.00 
6.51 
1,542 
1.94 
1.56 
72.7 
10.0 
1.206 
$17.52 
1.9 
7.52 
Small 
general 
farms. 
18 
17.18 
14.12 
$6,400 
$700 
$30 
$50 
$140 
$383 
14.46 
4.31 
3.33 
140 
2.70 
8.50 
5.42 
86.20 
1.70 
180 
.17 
1.58 
62.8 
11.7 
1.024 
$26. 48 
1.97 
7.17 
Large 
fruit 
farms. 
17 
51.2 
41.08 
$13,915 
$1, 630 
$206 
$108 
$159 
$611 
24.57 
9.25 
4.78 
196 
17.79 
52.40 
.76 
10.60 
14.55 
2,865 
5.00 
1.77 
53.8 
20.1 
.598 
$24 
3.7 
11.10 
Large 
general 
farms. 
24 
62.08 
45.65 
$13, 125 
$2,311 
$103 
$146 
$105 
$646 
20.29 
8.81 
15.25 
467. 50 
11.67 
37.42 
11.96 
182. 92 
3.80 
512. 38 
1.85 
2.98 
45.1 
27.0 
.444 
$31. 83 
3.4 
13.43 
Live-stock farms. 
Dairy. Poultry. 
18 
119. 50 
57.46 
$18, 562 
$1, 088 
$235 
i $1, 745 
$50 
$1,427 
30.75 
2 31.60 
12.11 
527 
30 
102 
10.37 
194.25 
2 
231.5 
.35 
3 
27.5 
22.3 
.537 
$46.41 
5.2 
11.01 
8.87 
8.00 
$6,046 
$278 
$160 
$859 
s $483 
15.15 
10.60 
2.50 
110 
1.25 
5.25 
2.10 
41.30 
1 
184.5 
.4 
.6 
51.2 
6.34 
1.894 
$32.54 
1.5 
5.33 
1 Receipts from dairy products. 
2 17 milch cows. 
3 Omitting labor income of 1 exceptional farm, figure given is average for 3 units. 
SMALL FRUIT AND GENERAL FARMS. 
The crop area in the first two divisions of Table 13 is practically 
equal and the operators have the same number of live-stock units to 
look after. The small general farmer grows twice as much grain 
as the fruit grower, and has more than a third of the crop area in 
sugar beets, which are conspicuously absent on the small fruit farms. 
The orchardists have nearly a half of the crop area in fruit and 
more than an eighth in fruit not yet bearing. The men in group 
two have but little fruit. A few grow more than is needed for the 
family, while half of them grow none whatever. The general op- 
erator replaces fruit with sugar beets. The men on the smaller 
fruit farms use 17.2 man-months to care for their enterprises, or a 
fifth more than those on the small general farms. The difference in 
labor used represents almost entirely labor hired by the day or by 
the piece, and it alone is sufficient to account for the difference in 
labor income of the two groups. The orchardists have 10 crop 
acres per man and the general farmers 11.7. The number of work 
