FARM MANAGEMENT IN THE PROVO AREA. 19 
horses and crop acres per work horse is substantially the same in 
both divisions. The men in the first group receive a labor income of 
$17.52 for each month of man labor used, while those in the second 
receive $26.48, or a half more. The latter uses less labor on the 
same size of farm, and to considerably greater monetary advantage. 
LARGE FRUIT AND GENERAL FARMS. 
The orchardists in group three,- Table 13, use nearly a fifth more 
man labor than the general farmers in the fourth division. The lat- 
ter have somewhat more land in crops, but this is offset by the larger 
percentage of intensively tilled land in the third classification. The 
orchardists have slightly more animal units, less than a third of the 
grain area, and 50 per cent more hay and fodder area than the gen- 
eral farmers. They grow considerable hay in the orchards, which 
thus often bear two crops, one of which is distinctly stable in charac- 
ter and is a valuable addition to the farm enterprises. Their beet 
acreage is almost nonexistent, while the men of group four devote 
more than a fourth of their crop acres to sugar beets. The fruit 
growers have more than a third of the tilled land in fruit and an 
eighth in fruit not yet bearing,, while the general operators have 
about a twelfth of their cropped area in fruit and less than a twen- 
tieth in fruit not bearing. They have nearly twice as much land in 
miscellaneous crops as the men in group three. The fruit growers 
receive a labor income of $24 per month of man labor used, or a third 
less than the general farmers secure ($31.83) with the same size of 
farm and of business. The difference in the returns for labor is less 
on the two large types of farms because the large orchardists place 
more dependence on general crops than do the small fruit growers. 
The large, like the small general operators, use less labor than the 
fruit growers, but to greater advantage. 
The men operating the large general farms, as well as those on 
the large fruit farms, pay some attention to live-stock enterprises, 
cows predominating. Eeceipts under this head form an appreciable 
though not a large item. 
Only a few of these operators have enough pasture land to keep 
more than a few cows. The cows, which are usually bred to freshen 
in the spring, gather virtually all their feed until late in the fall, 
and owing to the character of the pasture (as well as the quality 
of the herds generally seen) the milk flow is not heavy and the lacta- 
tion period is somewhat restricted. 
Some orchardists keep one or more brood sows and feed the drop 
and cull fruit to the swine to good advantage. 
SMALL POULTRY FARMS. 
Four of the live-stock farms in group 3. Table 1, are poultry 
farms on very small areas. They are presented in column 6, Table 
