FARM MANAGEMENT IN THE PROVO AREA. 29 
man looks after 12 to 16 animal units and on the average gets in at 
least three-quarters of a day in the field from April 1 to November. 
POSSIBILITIES OF AN EXTENSION OF LIVE-STOCK ENTERPRISES. 
DAIRYING. 
Although the Intermountain region is, as a whole, somewhat 
sparsely settled, quite a field remains for an extension of live-stock 
enterprises. The demand for market milk is just about supplied at 
the present time, and the only period when there is an appreciable 
scarcity is in September. On the other hand, the local demand for 
creamery and cheese products is far from supplied. A rapid growth 
is now taking place in the creamery and cheese factory industry 
of the State and the output of the Utah factories is of very good 
quality. After the home product approximately meets the demand 
it seems only reasonable to look for further extension in the business, 
as cool or cold nights, abundant cold mountain water, and soil 
naturally adopted to alfalfa give the farmers in this region an ap- 
preciable advantage over dairymen in some other sections. It 
should be borne in mind, however, that the high freight rates which 
the Utah producers will have to pay to reach the large markets will 
necessitate the maintenance of a very efficient selling organization 
and a uniformly high standard of product to enable him to compete 
successfully with dairymen in regions more centrally located. 
With the existing market for dairy products, men with moderate 
area of pasture land would be able to increase their labor incomes 
quite easily by the adoption of dairying if based on good cows. 
Although unusually efficient men with exceptionally good cows might 
be able profitably to adopt this enterprise entirely on the high-priced 
irrigated lands of this area by the use of artificially seeded pastures 
intensively stocked, the very moderate price received for the raw 
product (about $1.45 or less per hundred pounds for milk and 30 
cents or a little better for butter fat) suggests that such a system of 
management might be unwise for most operators. When the high- 
priced irrigated land is farmed in connection with the cheaper pasture 
areas, however, a happy combination is found for the dairyman. 
For this reason the successful dairy farms in Provo district are 
located along the lake, where large areas of relatively cheap pasture 
land are found. These farms are fairly large, averaging 119 acres 
in size, of which a half are in crops. 
Some men are doing fairly well on small farms, but none of these 
who make dairying a prominent enterprise operate less than 30 acres 
of land. This is nearly twice the average area in the first two groups 
of Table 13, the small fruit and general farms. In parts of the State 
where considerable surpluses of grain and hay are produced there 
may be quite a field for the development of the smaller, more in- 
