TRANSFORMATIONS OF BUFFALO GNATS. 41 
♦LiNKffitrs, Caroltjs. Flora Lapponica, 390 p., 12 pi. London, 1792. 
Pages 382-383. Description of Culex pulicaris=C. reptans=Simulium reptans. 
Known locally as " knort." 
*Loew, H. Diptera America? septentrionalis indigena. Centuria secunda. In 
Berlin. Ent. Ztschr., v. 6, p. 185-232. Berlin, 1862. 
Page 186. Simulium quadrivittatum, description of new species. 
*Lotjnsbury, Chakles P. Insect pests in South Africa. In Science in South 
Africa, p. 362-374, 1905. 
Simulium attacking poultry (brief mention), South Africa. 
*Luggek, Otto. Insects injurious in 1896. Univ. Minn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Ent. 
Div. Bui. 48, 270 p., 16 pi., 187 fig., 1896. 
Pages 198-208. Description of new species: Simulium minutum; S. irritatum; 
S. tribulatum=S. vittatum. 
*Lundbeck, Will. Diptera Groenlanclica. In Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra 
den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjobenhavn, p. 281-316, 5 fig., 1900. 
*Lundsteom, Cakl. Slaktet Simulium Latr. In Meddelanden af Societas pro 
Fauna et Flora Fennica, Heft 36, p. 103-104, 1910. 
*Lundstrom, Cael. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Dipteren Finlands, VII. Mo- 
lusinidse (Simuliidse). In Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, v. 34, 
no. 12, 24 p., 26 fig., Dec, 1911. 
A study of the male genitalia, showing the systematic value of the structures. 
*Lutz, A. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, t. 1, p. 124-146. Rio de 
Janeiro, 1909. 
Page 132, description of Simulium rubrithorax ; p. 133, S. scutistriatum ; 
p. 135, S. hirticosta ; p. 141, S. exiguum and S. varians ; p. 137, spp. n. Brazil. 
S. venustum var. infuscata. * 
*Lutz, A. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, t. 2, p. 213-267, 1910. 
Descriptions : S. infuscatum, p. 236 ; S. orbitale—nigrimanum Macq., p. 231 ; 
£. auristriatum, p. 245 ; S. incrustatam, p. 243 ; S. distinctum, p. 241 ; S. sub- 
nigrum, p. 239 ; S. subpallidum, p. 247 ; S. flavopubescens, p. 248 ; S. pruinosum, 
p. 250 ; S. simplicicolor, p. 251 ; S. minusculum, p. 253 ; S. rotulibranchium, p. 256 ; 
S. clavihranchium, p. 257 ; S. diversifurcatum, p. 258 ; S. arquifurcatum, S. bre- 
vibranchium, p. 260, spp. n. Brazil. 
*McBrtde, Sara J. The so-called web-worm of young trout. In Amer. Ent. and 
Bot, v. 2, no. 12, p. 365-366, Dec, 1870. 
*Macquart, M. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Dipteres. v. 1, p. 173-175, pi. 
4, fig. 15. Paris, 1834. 
Simulie. Simulium Latr. Description of genus and list of species. One colored 
figure of S. ornatum. 
*Malloch, J. R. One new genus of dipterous insects in the U. S. National 
Museum collection. In Proc U. S. Nat Mus., v. 43, no. 1945, p. 649-658, 
pi. 46, 1913. 
Page 649, pi. 46, fig. 67, Simulium bicoloratum; p. 650, fig. 8, S. bipunctatum; 
p. 650, fig. 9, S. toivnsendi; p. 652, S. nitidum. Locality, Peru. 
*Malloch, J. R. American black flies or buffalo gnats. U. S. Dept. Agr. 
Bur. Ent. Tech. Ser. no. 26, 71 p., 6 pi., 1914. 
Descriptions of new species : Prosimulium pleurale; Prosimulium mutatum; 
Parasimulium new genus ; Parasimulium furcatum; Simulium aureopunctatum ; 
5. hippovorum ; S. trivittatum ; S. bivittatum ; S. parnassum; S. arcticum ; S. jen- 
ningsi; S. clavipes; S. hunteri; S. hcematopotum ; S. forbesi. 
*Marlatt, C. L. Report of a trip to investigate buffalo gnats. In Insect Life, 
v. 2, no. 1, p. 7-11, July, 1889. 
