28 
Georgewitch x describes a trypanosome, Crithidia simuliae, which 
he found in the stomachs of adult females taken biting cattle, etc. 
The locality in which the animals were attacked was a district in 
Servia, and the species S. reptans (=S. columbaschense) . He did 
not. however, find any similar organism in the blood of the animals 
attacked. 
Riley 2 states that Lugger observed them being attacked by Asi- 
lida? and Odonata. 
TTise (1911) 3 reports that in British Guiana the adult females of 
Simulium are attacked by a voracious enemy in the nature of a black 
and white wasp (probably Monedida signata), which follows the 
aboriginal Indian to obtain the " Pium " (Simulium). This wasp 
reduces the " Pium " to unconsciousness, deposits eggs, and leaves the 
body to be fed upon by the resulting larvae. 
SIMULIUM AS A POSSIBLE CARRIER OF DISEASE. 
In 1874 J. P. Megnin 4 strongly advanced a theory that two species 
of Simulium in the Department of the Ehone, France, are the trans- 
mitting agents of virulent charbon. He also mentions Stomoxys 
and Haematobia in this connection, but places most emphasis on 
Simulium, whose habits more closely conform to the outbreaks and 
distribution of the disease in that locality. He also states that, 
in his opinion, M. Tisserant, sent by the French Government to 
investigate the subject, proved that Simulium was the cause or 
the transmitting agent of the disease. In a later paper he reaffirms 
his statements and mentions that he has found a "Psoriasis 
guttata " prevalent in the ears of horses, and believes it is due 
to the bites of Simulium. The writer has found a similar condition 
to be very common in the ears of horses, undoubtedly due to the bites 
of Simulium. in Illinois, South Carolina, and the vicinity of Wash- 
ington, D. C. As this condition may be of a purely secondary nature, 
and as apparently no experimental or careful analytical work has 
been done on the subject, all statements regarding the transmission 
of a disease of cattle by Simulium must be regarded as purely theo- 
retical. 
According to Eiley and other authors, S. pecuarum Eiley and S. 
jneridionole Eiley were supposed to carry cholera among chickens 
and hogs, but nothing definite was ascertained on this point. 
1 Georgewitch, Jivoin. Sur un Trypanosomide nouvean, Crithidia simuliae, n. pp. d'une 
Simulie (Simulium columbacensis) de la Serbie septentrionale. In Compt. Rend. Soc. 
Biol., t. 67, no. 31, p. 480-482, 1 fig., Nov. 12, 1909. 
2 Op. cit., p. 510. 
3 See Bibliography, p. 35. 
4 Du role des moucbes dans la propagation du charbon et autres affections virulentes. 
In Jour. Med. Veter. Mil., t. 12, no. 8, p. 461-475, Paris, Jan., 1875. 
