UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
I BULLETIN No. 440 
^Jp'^sSL 
Contribution from the Forest Service 
HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester 
Washington, D. C. 
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 
March 8, 1917 
LUMBERING IN THE SUGAR AND YELLOW PINE 
REGION OF CALIFORNIA. 
By Swift Berry, Forest Examiner. 
CONTENTS. 
Page. 
Part I. Introduction 1 
The region 1 
The forest 2 
Types of operations 4 
Labor 5 
Camps 8 
Factors affecting the cut 10 
Partll. Logging 13 
Preparing logs for transport 13 
From stump to yard 18 
From yard to landing 34 
From landing to mill 41 
Page. 
Part II. Logging— Continued. 
Woods supervision 64 
Part III. Manufacture 65 
Mill pond 65 
Sawmills 67 
Sawmill lumber yards 80 
Transportation to common carriers 86 
Part IV. General cost factors 92 
Overhead charges 92 
Depreciation 95 
Summary of the costs of typical opera- 
tions 96 
PART I. INTRODUCTION. 
THE REGION. 
The sugar and yellow pine region of California extends from the 
northern boundary of the State southward the entire length of the 
Sierra Nevada, chiefly west of the summit, ,and along the Coast 
Range to Lake County. In this bulletin the region is extended to 
include the commercial forests of California outside of the coast 
redwood region, thus taking in the practically pure stands of yellow 
and Jeffrey pine on the east slope of the Sierras, from the Warner 
Mountains southward. 
The region has three main topographic divisions — the Northern 
Coast Range, the Sierras, and the east slope of the Sierras and Cas- 
cades. The Northern Coast Range begins in Lake County and 
extends northward along the Trinity and Klamath Mountains to 
the Siskiyous. This is a region of steep slopes, much broken by 
57172°— Bull. 440—17- 
