LUMBERING IN PINE REGION OF CALIFORNIA. 9 
1,600 feet of lumber and cost from $60 to $70 each. If double- 
boarded throughout, the cost is probably from $90 to $100. Each 
accommodates four men in single bimks, or preferably in steel cots, 
and provides about 500 cubic feet of air space per man. There is 
also room for a stove and usually a small table. In some camps 
only three men are assigned to a cab hi, which leaves room for a 
large table. The use of dining cars and bunk cars is limited to a 
few camps, but will probably increase. For railroad construction 
camps and camps at a distance from the railroad, and sometimes 
for stables and dining rooms at portable camps, tents are frequently 
used. They can be taken down and stored during the winter. If 
cared for, a good tent should last three or four seasons. 
When it is desired to move to a new site, the cabins are loaded on 
flat cars by means of donkey engines. The cookhouse, stable, and 
shop are either abandoned or torn down and the lumber utilized 
again. Ordinarily an average sized camp can be moved in one day. 
The cabins should last for at least 8 or 10 seasons, depending upon 
the number of moves. Some operators place several cabins end to 
end to form a portable cookhouse and dining room. 
Steam donkey logging camps vary in size from those with two 
yarders to those with five. Each large operation usually has at 
least two camps with two or three yarders each if the logging is 
good, or four or five yarders each if logging is difficult or if the mill 
is operating double shift. The first would have from 60 to 80 men 
and would require about 20 cabins, costing $70 each; a frame cook- 
house and dining room 20 by 60 feet, costing $350; one stable, 
costing $150; and a blacksmith shop, costing $50; making a total 
cost for buildings of about $1,950. The larger camp would contain 
from 125 to 150 men and have 45 cabins, a cookhouse costing $450, 
a stable costing $250, and a blacksmith shop costing $100; total, 
$3,950. 
Bedding is not furnished and mattresses but seldpm, though each 
man is usually permitted to take enough hay for a bed. One com- 
pany furnishes mattresses, operates a laundry, and provides hot 
and shower baths in its camps, for all of which each man is charged 
$2 per month. Small commissaries are provided in most camps and 
are tended by the foreman and timekeeper. 
At small sawmills and mills located in the timber the men are 
housed in frame cabins larger than those used in the logging camps, 
though similar in construction. A common dining room is pro- 
vided, and there may be a few cottages for families. In sawmill 
towns large boarding houses are usually maintained for the single 
men and cottages are provided for renting to the married employees. 
