LUMBERING IN" PINE REGION OF CALIFORNIA. 
13 
at a single-band mill in the western part of the Plumas National 
Forest. 
Table 2. — Comparison of the lumber grades produced from sugar and yellow pine, showing 
the results of two mill tallies. 
Grades. 
Mill tally No. 1. 
Sugar 
pine. 
Yellow 
pine. 
Mill tally No. 2. 
Sugar 
pine. 
Yellow 
pine. 
Nos. 1 and 2 clear 
No. 3 clear 
C select 
Australian 
No. 1 shop 
No. 2 shop 
No. 3 shop 
Nos. 1 and 2 common 
Box 
No. 3 common - 
Per cent. 
8.3 
3.8 
.8 
.5 
7.2 
10.9 
5.8 
31.3 
30.0 
1.4 
4.1 
.6 
2.4 
8.3 
13.8 
4.4 
31.2 
25.6 
Per cent. 
9.4 
3.3 
.1 
.2 
11.9 
14.2 
6.2 
41.9 
12.5 
.2 
Per cent. 
7.5 
3.6 
.2 
1.1 
12.2 
14.1 
6.2 
36.5 
18.5 
.1 
PART II. LOGGING. 
The term " logging" as commonly used covers all the work of hand- 
ling logs from the standing timber to the sawmill. It is divided, by 
custom, into several steps. In the discussion which follows, each 
step is treated separately in the order in which it occurs in logging. 
The object is to give the various methods of handling each step in 
such a manner that they may be compared, and, further, to give 
approximate outputs and costs for different methods under given 
conditions as an aid in estimating the cost of logging in going or 
prospective operations. 
The cost of delivering logs at the mills in this region, including 
railroad construction, but exclusive of depreciation on equipment, 
overhead expenses, and stumpage, range from $4 to $6.25 per 1,000 
feet, log scale. Where the railroad hauls are medium and involve an 
operating expense of not more than $1 per 1,000, the cost in the easy 
stands is from $4 to $4.75 per 1,000. The cost in most operations 
is between $4.75 and $5.50 per 1,000. Difficult logging conditions 
and railroad haul or less efficient methods may raise the cost to from 
$5.50 to $6.25 per 1,000. 
PREPARING LOGS FOR TRANSPORT. 
Preparing logs for transport is usually spoken of as felling and 
bucking, though it includes limbing as well, and sometimes peeling. 
Felling, limbing, and bucking are commonly considered as a single 
step. Each felling crew, with the requisite number of limbers and 
buckers, is a separate unit. 
EQUIPMENT. 
Each set of "fallers" requires two felling saws, one for use while 
the other is being filed. The common length is 8 feet, though it is 
usually necessary to have one or two extra 10-foot saws on the job 
