40 BULLETIN 440, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 
There should be at least two yarders upon a chute from 2,000 to 
4,000 feet in length. The crew is larger than that given above by 
one greaser and one dogger, increasing the daily labor expense by 
$5. Assuming that the yarders average 30,000 daily, the cost per 
1,000 is as follows: Operation, 30 cents; fuel, 8 cents; water, 4 cents; 
maintenance, 10 cents; total, 52 cents. 
The most economical chute hauling occurs where three yarders are 
located upon one chute with one bull donkey. This is rarely done, 
and such yarders usually do not average over 25,000 daily. The 
crew contains one greaser and three doggers in addition to the num- 
ber for one yarder. The daily labor expense is $23.30. The cost 
per 1,000 is accordingly estimated as follows: Operation, 31 cents; 
fuel, 5 cents; water, 3 cents; maintenance, 8 cents; total, 47 cents 
per 1,000. 
On extensive operations, where the chutes are a mile or more in 
length and have several branches, it is customary to place two bull 
donkeys and either four or five small yarders upon each chute. 
The minimum daily output from such a chute is usually about 110,000 
and the maximum 130,000. The crew required is 2 linemen, 2 bell- 
hops, 4 or 5 doggers, 2 greasers, 2 shovelers, 2 engineers, and 2 fire- 
men. Three men and two horses are required to supply fuel, at a 
daily cost of $9.25. The daily labor cost for an output of 110,000 
is about $47.25. The cost per 1,000 is approximately as follows: 
Operation, 43 cents; fuel, 8 cents; water, 5 cents; maintenance, 10 
cents; total, 66 cents per 1,000. The cost for a daily output of 
130,000 is as follows: Operation, 38 cents; fuel, 7 cents; water, 4 
cents; maintenance, 8 cents; total, 57 cents per 1,000. 
The cost per 1,000 board feet of the cables used varies with the 
length of the haul. Under average working conditions l^-inch main 
line and f-inch back line last two full seasons. If the work is light, 
they should last a season longer. Thus for chutes from 3,000 to 
4,000 feet in length with two yarders averaging 30,000 each daily, 
the cable cost is about 13 cents per 1,000. For a chute o\^er a mile 
in length with two bull donkeys and an average daily output of 
120,000, the cable cost is about 11 cents per 1,000. 
In order to overcome friction, portions of the chutes having low or 
adverse grades are greased with so-called chute grease (crude petro- 
leum). The brand commonly used is sold at 2| cents per pound 
f. o. b. San Francisco. It usually costs about one-half cent per 
pound more in the woods. A barrel contains approximately 400 
pounds and costs about $11 delivered. The amount used depends 
upon the amount of unfavorable grades. A chute about 5,000 feet 
in length, of which about one-quarter is upgrade at not to exceed 
10 per cent, requires one barrel of grease every three days. The 
