LUMBERING IN PINE REGION OF CALIFORNIA. 
57 
Because of the general roughness of the topography, most of the 
logging in sugar and yellow pine is done by geared engines. The 
weight of geared locomotives likewise depends upon the maximum 
grades and the loads to be hauled. Operators are gradually adopting 
heavier engines. The smallest locomotive used is a 24-ton engine, 
which is capable of handling 20,000 feet board measure on slight ad- 
verse grades and the empty trucks up a 6 per cent grade on a narrow- 
gauge road. Locomotives weighing from 32 to 42 tons are commonly 
used on narrow-gauge lines for switching and main-line hauls of mod- 
erate length. Such locomotives handle trains of 40,000 feet board 
measure. Locomotives up to 56 and 60 tons are used for long and 
heavy hauls on narrow-gauge lines. With adverse grades of 2 per 
cent such locomotives haul trains of 55,000 feet board measure. 
Larger locomotives weighing 65 and 70 tons are used for main-line 
hauls on standard-gauge roads. These locomotives pull nine empty 
41 -foot flats up a continuous 5 per cent grade and haul a load of 
60,000 up an adverse grade of 2 per cent. Geared locomotives weigh- 
ing 90 tons are used for switching by one concern, but they appear to 
be too heavy for the usual logging railroad track. 
Three standard makes of geared engines have been used thus far in 
California pine logging. The 1914 catalogue prices are as follows : 
Table 8. — Prices of standard makes of geared locomotives. 
Weight. 
Factory 
price with 
steam 
brake. 
Freight 
to Cali- 
fornia. 
Air 
brakes. 
Total. 
Tons. 
18 
$3, 600 
$510 
$400 
$4, 510 
20 
4, 100 
590 
400 
5,090 
24 
4,560 
660 
450 
5,670 
28 
5,320 
720 
450 
6,490 
32 
5,760 
780 
500 
7,040 
36 
6,480 
930 
500 
7,910 
42 
6,930 
830 
500 
8,260 
50 
8,000 
950 
500 
9,450 
60 
9,000 
1,110 
500 
10, 610 
70 
10, 150 
1,190 
550 
11, 890 
80 
13,000 
1,430 
550 
14,980 
90 
14,000 
1,540 
550 
16,090 
Weight. 
Load on dry rails. 
Air 
brakes. 
Oil 
burners. 
Total 
cost 
f. o. b. 
San Fran- 
cisco. 
Level. 
1 per 
cent 
grade. 
4 per 
cent 
grade. 
7 per 
cent 
grade. 
Tons. 
32 
42 
60 
Tons. 
1,568 
2,058 
2,940 
Tons. 
425 
558 
798 
Tons. 
113 
149 
213 
Tons. 
54 
72 
102 
$350 
400 
400 
$400 
500 
500 
$7, 290 
8,790 
11,115 
Oil-burning equipment can be installed for from $400 to $500 per 
boiler. All locomotives under 42 tons in weight are loaded on flat 
cars ; larger locomotives are shipped on their own trucks. For from 32 
