72 
The crew of a representative single-band mill is made up of the 
following men: One man scaling and operating log jacker, 1 man on 
log deck, 1 sawyer, 1 setter, 1 dogger, 1 offbearer, 1 pointer, 1 edger- 
man, 2 men at rear edger table, 1 man tending cut-off and slasher, 
2 men at trimmer, 1 slab and burner man, 1 foreman, 1 filer, 1 mill- 
wright and oiler, 1 engineer, 1 fireman, 1 laborer clearing up bark and 
refuse, and 1 watchman. 
The daily cost of this crew is approximately $75. With a daily 
output of 60,000 the direct cost of sawing is $1.25 per 1,000. The 
average cost of maintenance, including supplies and repairs, is ap- 
proximately 50 cents per 1,000. This is an average for the normal 
life of a mill, the repairs being less dining the first few years. Thus 
the average sawing cost is about 81.75 per 1,000, varying normally 
from SI. 65 to $1.85 per 1,000. Some single-band mills by efficient 
arrangement and more elaborate equipment cut down the above crew 
without reducing the output, until the cost of sawing is as low as for 
a double-band mill. 
All single-band mills use a table with chain conveyor for grading 
and sorting the lumber after it leaves the trimmer. The standard 
crew consists of one grader and four sorters, and the daily pay roll 
is about §13.75. The cost for a daily production of 60,000 is there- 
fore about 23 cents per 1,000. Thus the total cost of sawing and 
sorting normally ranges from 81.90 to 82.10 per 1,000. 
DOUBLE-BAND MILLS. 
Double-band mills produce the bulk of the lumber output of the 
region, and the description of their equipment and sawing operations 
is given below in detail. The typical mill with twin band saws is 
frequently increased by the addition of a resaw or a gang saw. In 
some mills one of the band saws is of the so-called pony type, and 
one scheme of mill layout involves a single band and a gang. The 
standard type is accordingly described first, after which the various 
modifications are mentioned. A rough plan of the layout of a double- 
band mill is given on page 73. No two mills are designed exactly 
alike, and the plan given is not advanced as a model but is simply 
intended to show the general type of sugar and yellow pine mills and 
to assist in a clearer understanding of the text. 
The first step in the operation is the removal of the logs from the 
pond. Since the sawing floor is commonly elevated, it is generally 
necessary to hoist the logs some distance. This is accomplished in 
two ways; by the use of a steel car drawn up on a track by a cable, 
or by hauling the logs one at a time up a log slip by an endless sprocket 
chain. The latter method is the better, especially when the logs are 
to be hoisted a considerable distance. Less power is required for the 
other method, however. 
