LUMBERING IN PINE REGION OF CALIFORNIA. 77 
1,000. At one such mill the average labor cost for a recent season 
was $1.17 per 1,000, divided as follows: 
Oilers $0. 129 
Millwrights 064 
Watchmen 021 
Superintendent . . 047 
Miscellaneous 044 
Total 1.173 
Sawyer $0. 218 
Edgerman 122 
Trimmers 097 
Refuse crew 137 
Deckmen 043 
Engineers 082 
Fireman 080 
Filers 089 
The cost of maintaining a double-band mill after it has been in 
use a few years is reckoned as normally averaging about 50 cents per 
1,000 feet board measure, upon the basis of the material sawed. 
Maintenance includes sawmill supplies and sawmill repairs. A rep- 
resentative division is 31 cents per 1,000 for repairs and 19' cents 
for supplies. The supply charge may be roughly divided into the 
following items: 
Saws 10. 06 per 1,000 
Tools 005 per 1,000 
Oil and waste. .05 per 1,000 
Miscellaneous 075 per 1,000 
In a few instances double-band mills are not of the twin type 
described above. The two bands are placed tandem, the rear one 
being used as a pony mill. All logs are accordingly sawed on the first 
band in the usual way. Small logs are, however, cut into cants 
which are sawed into lumber by the second band. The carriage of 
the smaller band is accordingly operated at a high speed. This 
arrangement of the saws permits a slight decrease in the mill crew, 
but on the other hand the daily output is generally lowered. One 
large operator who has had experience with both types believes this 
to be the most economical type of double-band mill, if properly 
arranged. 
The mill building for a double-band mill is at least 60 feet wide and 
160 feet long. For mills of heavy construction and those equipped 
with a gang or a resaw the standard width is 70 feet and the length 
ranges up to 200 feet. There are commonly two stories with an attic 
for a filing room. The construction material is wood. Corrugated 
iron is frequently used for roofing, and sometimes for siding. A 
steel frame is found in but one mill, the added cost being from $25,000 
to $30,000. The engine room may be located in the lower story or 
in a small addition to the main building. The boiler room is a sepa- 
rate building, usually of masonry or corrugated iron construction. 
The cost of a double-band mill varies somewhat with the type of 
construction and length of probable operation. Large timber 
requires heavy equipment which costs more to purchase and install. 
