78 BULLETIN 440, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
A long operation requires more permanent construction. The cost 
also varies with the location, because the expense of transportmg 
material to some sites is a considerable item. Under normal condi- 
tions the cost of the lighter double-band mills complete, exclusive of 
pond and yard, is from $100,000 to $110,000. The heaviest and best 
constructed mills cost from $130,000 to $145,000. 
One such plant recently constructed cost $145,000 complete with 
machinery, power plant, and buildings. The cost f. o. b. San Fran- 
cisco, of the equipment contained in this plant was as follows: 
Two carriages $4, 980 
Two edgers 2, 560 
Slasher (7 saws) 550 
Air lift trimmer (11 saws) 1, 125 
Live rolls, transfers, conveyors, 
chains, etc 18, 350 
Total 50,000 
Boilers, about 700 horsepower $7, 000 
Engine, 650 horsepower (28 by 48 
inches) 6, 000 
Two log kickers 1, 200 
Two log stops and loaders 735 
Log turner 1, 900 
Steam nigger 550 
Band mill (9-foot) 2, 350 
Band mill (10-foot) 2, 700 
In addition to this equipment, belts, saws, piping, and other mis- 
cellaneous hardware were required at a cost of about $15,000 delivered 
at the site. The itemized cost of a double-band mill aggregating 
$100,000 is approximately as given below: 
Machinery, including power 
plant $40, 000 
Miscellaneous supplies and hard- 
ware 10, 000 
Lumber and timbers f 9, 000 
Mill foundations and boiler house. 7, 000 
Freights and delivery 10, 000 
Labor in construction 24, 000 
A machine shop of some sort is required at every double-band mill. 
In it are handled heavy repairs to logging and mill equipment. The 
cost of a well-equipped shop is about $10,000 or $12,000. The equip- 
ment consists of 2 or 3 lathes, 1 or 2 planers, 2 drills, 1 bender, 1 steel 
saw, and 1 cutter and threader. A blacksmith shop is maintained in 
connection with the machine shop and is fitted with a trip hammer, a 
forge, an anvil, and a complete outfit of blacksmithing tools. A t}^pi- 
cal crew comprises 3 machinists, 1 steam fitter, 1 blacksmith, and a 
helper. 
Two sorts of refuse burners are used. Mills located in the woods 
usually have an open fire with a corrugated iron or masonry shield. 
Those situated in towns or near extensive lumber yards have steel 
refuse burners with brick foundations and linings. Such a burner for 
a double-band mill is about 70 feet high and 20 feet in diameter, and 
is said to cost from $6,000 to $9,000 in place. 
The average output of a double-band mill is usually about 120,000 
or 125,000 in a 10-hour shift for the entire sawing season. A similar 
average output for two shifts is 240,000 daily. During the middle of 
the season when everything is running nicely these average outputs 
will be exceeded by from 10,000 to 30,000 per day. One firm even 
